双边投资条约发展二题

发布时间：2019-04-03 07:43

【摘要】：双边投资条约(Bilateral Investment Treaties,简称BITs)是指资本输出国与输入国之间签订的旨在维护健康的投资环境、加强对外国的投资保护,而规范、鼓励、保护和促进两国间私人直接投资活动的双边条约之总称。随着经济全球化的不断加强和国际投资活动的日趋活跃,发生在投资者与东道国之间的投资争端日益增多。通过法律方式妥善解决这些争端,对于保障投资者的利益和维护东道国的投资法律秩序有着非常重要的作用。双边投资条约对缔约国之间的权利义务及争端解决方式等都进行了明确约定。为外国投资者的合法权益和东道国的法律秩序提供了重要保障。’因此,双边投资条约的数量不断增加,截止目前,各国签署的双边投资条约有2600个之多。20世纪90年代以来,随着国际经济尤其是国际投资的迅速发展,传统国际投资法规则中对外国投资者的保护已经不能满足资本输出国的需求了,在资本输出国的极力推动下,国际投资条约数量急剧增加并呈现出了高标准、自由化的发展趋势,旨在为本国对外投资谋取更大的经济利益；与此同时,东道国尤其是一些发展中国家,为了吸引更多的外国投资以发展本国的经济,在缔结的国际投资条约中做出了巨大的妥协与让步；这一时期,国际政治经济新秩序逐渐形成,文化多样性得到认同。这些新的国际形势都对双边投资条约的发展及其作用的发挥提出了挑战。本文旨在对新形势下双边投资条约所面临的两个主要问题：双边投资条约的发展与习惯国际法、双边投资条约发展的困境进行研究,以厘清在新的国际形势下双边投资条约与习惯国际法的关系以及双边投资发展面临的困难,为双边投资条约的发展及其作用的充分发挥扫清障碍。因此本文采用了文献研究法、个案研究法、功能分析法等方法对该二问题进行了分析。通过分析和研究得出结论：1、习惯国际法为双边投资条约的出现和发展奠定了基础；双边投资条约规范了习惯国际法；2、在新形势下,由于文化多样性、执行者以及法律规范的多样性,导致双边投资条约的发展面临重重困难。
[Abstract]:A bilateral investment treaty (Bilateral Investment Treaties,) refers to a treaty signed between a capital exporting country and an importing country aimed at maintaining a healthy investment environment and strengthening the protection of foreign investment, while regulating and encouraging, General term for bilateral treaties for the protection and promotion of private direct investment activities between the two countries. With the continuous strengthening of economic globalization and the increasing activity of international investment, the investment disputes between investors and host countries are increasing day by day. The proper settlement of these disputes by means of law plays a very important role in safeguarding the interests of investors and safeguarding the investment legal order of the host country. Bilateral investment treaties (bits) clearly stipulate the rights and obligations of the parties and the way of dispute settlement. It provides an important guarantee for the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors and the legal order of the host country. As a result, the number of bilateral investment treaties continues to increase, and up to now, there are as many as 2600 bits signed by countries. Since the 1990s, with the rapid development of the international economy, especially international investment, The protection of foreign investors in the traditional rules of international investment law can no longer meet the needs of capital exporting countries. Under the vigorous promotion of capital exporting countries, the number of international investment treaties has increased sharply and presented a high standard. The trend of liberalization is aimed at seeking greater economic benefits for the foreign investment of our country; At the same time, in order to attract more foreign investment to develop their own economy, the host country, especially some developing countries, has made great compromises and concessions in the international investment treaties concluded. During this period, the new international political and economic order gradually formed, and cultural diversity was recognized. These new international situations challenge the development and function of bilateral investment treaties. The purpose of this paper is to study the development of bilateral investment treaties and customary international law, and the dilemma of bilateral investment treaties, which are the two main problems faced by bilateral investment treaties under the new situation. In order to clarify the relationship between bilateral investment treaties and customary international law under the new international situation as well as the difficulties faced in the development of bilateral investment treaties, clear the obstacles for the development of bilateral investment treaties and the full play of their role. Therefore, this paper adopts the methods of literature research, case study and functional analysis to analyze the two problems. The conclusions are as follows: (1) customary international law lays a foundation for the emergence and development of bilateral investment treaties (bits), and bilateral investment treaties (bits) regulate customary international law; 2. Under the new situation, the development of bilateral investment treaties faces many difficulties due to cultural diversity, the diversity of enforcers and legal norms.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.4

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