《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》宣告合同无效制度研究

发布时间：2019-04-03 12:41

【摘要】：《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》(以下简称公约)宣告合同无效制度,是国际货物买卖合同当事人的重要救济措施之一。该制度对于对保护当事人的合法权益,促进国际货物买卖合同顺利有效进行起着十分重要的作用。宣告合同无效是一种严厉的救济方法,一旦成立会导致合同消灭并且恢复原状,对当事人的权利影响甚巨。根据契约信守的理念,合同当事人应该严格按照约定履行自己的义务。但是在国际贸易的实践中,若一方当事人存在根本违约,致使合同目的不能实现,直接剥夺受害方根据合同有权期待获得的东西,从公平的角度理应允许受害方享有选择摆脱合同束缚的权利。此外,由于国际货物买卖合同履行费用高昂,违约方宣告合同无效从而解除合同而不是要求违约方继续实际履行,对于违约方也是有利的。正确认识和理解公约宣告合同无效制度,对国际贸易的违约救济法和整个贸易法都具有十分重要的意义,同时对完善我国法律中相应的合同法定解除具有借鉴意义。《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》作为规范国际货物贸易的统一法,其宣告合同无效制度融合两大法系合同法定解除制度和违约制度等理论。本文以公约宣告合同无效制度为对象,采用大陆法、英美法及公约相关规则的梳理、分析和比较,力求廓清公约宣告合同无效制度的一般规则。为达此目的,本文采用条文比较方法和案例分析方法,注重法律规则的规范性分析的同时,辅以相关案例进行佐证, 文章分五部分进行论述：第一部分简述联合国国际销售合同公约的基本背景及其宣告合同无效制度的基本内容,指出本文的立题目的和研究意义。第二部分从比较法的角度介绍公约宣告合同无效的三种发生原因,即根本违约、针对迟延履行的宽限期制度、预期根本违约的来源以及公约的相应规定,以及介绍特别情形分批交货合同适用宣告合同无效的不同情况。第三部分关于宣告合同无效权的行使程序和限制条件。第四部分分析公约宣告合同无效制度的法律效果。第五部分概述我国对应的合同解除制度并分析存在的问题,有针对性地根据公约宣告合同无效制度提出借鉴意见。最后,在结束语部分,回顾了本文在写作过程中对宣告合同无效制度理解的逐步深化,再次点明文章的写作目的和研究重点。
[Abstract]:The contract annulment system of the United Nations Convention on the contract for International Sale of goods (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) is one of the important relief measures for the parties to the contract of international sale of goods. This system plays a very important role in protecting the legal rights and interests of the parties and promoting the smooth and effective operation of the international contract for the sale of goods. Annulment of contract annulment is a severe relief method, once established, it will lead to the elimination and restitution of the contract, which has a great impact on the rights of the parties. According to the concept of abiding by the contract, the parties to the contract should fulfill their obligations in strict accordance with the agreement. However, in the practice of international trade, if there is a fundamental breach of contract by one party and the purpose of the contract cannot be realized, the injured party is directly deprived of what the injured party is entitled to expect under the contract. From a fair point of view, the injured party should be allowed the right to choose to get out of the bondage of the contract. In addition, due to the high cost of the performance of the international contract for the sale of goods, the defaulting party annulled the contract so as to cancel the contract instead of requiring the defaulting party to continue to perform the contract in practice, which is also beneficial to the defaulting party. The correct understanding and understanding of the contract annulment system is of great significance to the relief law of breach of contract and the whole trade law in international trade, and it is also of great significance to perfect the corresponding legal rescission of contract in our country's law. The United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale and Sale of goods, as a uniform law regulating international trade in goods, its annulment system combines the two legal systems, such as the legal rescission of contracts and the system of breach of contract. This article takes the convention annulment system as the object, uses the continental law, the common law and the convention relevant rule combs, analyzes and compares, strives to clarify the convention annulment contract annulment system general rule. In order to achieve this purpose, this article uses the article comparison method and the case analysis method, pays attention to the normative analysis of the legal rules, at the same time, carries on the corroboration with the related case. The article is divided into five parts: the first part briefly describes the basic background of the United Nations Convention on International sales contracts and the basic contents of the annulment system of contract annulment, and points out the topic and research significance of this paper. The second part introduces the three causes of contract annulment from the perspective of comparative law, namely, fundamental breach of contract, the system of grace period for delay of performance, the source of expected fundamental breach of contract and the corresponding provisions of the Convention. As well as the special case of partial delivery contract applicable to annulment of contract annulment of different circumstances. The third part of the exercise of the right to declare a contract invalid procedures and restrictions. The fourth part analyzes the legal effect of the contract annulment system. The fifth part summarizes the corresponding system of rescission of contract in our country and analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions for reference according to the system of annulment of contract in accordance with the Convention. Finally, in the conclusion part, the author reviews the gradual deepening of the system of annulment of contract in the process of writing, and points out the writing purpose and research focus of the article again.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.6;D996.1;D997.1

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