国际人权法视野下的强迫迁离

发布时间：2019-04-09 14:00

【摘要】：人权源于人的生命和固有尊严，所有人权都是对人的尊严的宣示，人权又是普遍性的权利，这在国际人权法中体现为习惯国际国法或协议国际法所承认的、国际社会所能接受或承担的最低限度的标准。但是，受制于人的认识能力，人们所能认识到人权和应然的人权之间存在巨大差距，这就决定了国际人权法中的人权是一种开放性的概念。但是同时，我们也不能泛化的理解人权，必须对其有明确的界定，才能对其进行有效的保护。作为一种严重侵犯人权尤其是适足住房权的现象，，强迫迁离为国际社会所不能容忍。联合国的各人权机构做出了大量的一般性意见、建议和决议等文件对国际人权法的相关条款及其法理进行论述，明确了强迫迁离是国际人权法所禁止的行为。本文基于对这些国际人权文件的解读，分析和论述了国际人权法视野下，强迫迁离的界定、国际人权法保护人们免遭强迫迁离的依据、关于强迫迁离的相关国际标准以及现有制度的不足和完善等问题以期为今后的相关立法或学术研究提供一些思路。本文由三个部分及结论组成，具体如下：第一部分是强迫迁离的概述。这一部分主要论述了何谓强迫迁离、强迫迁离与类似概念的区分、强迫迁离的特征；强迫迁离产生的原因；强迫迁离引发的人权侵害；保护免遭强迫迁离的法治和人权理论基础。第二部分对保护免遭强迫迁离的国际人权法基础进行论述。这一部分主要涉及对强迫迁离进行国际保护的国际人权法渊源以及国家与强迫迁离两个部分。后者又包括国家承担相应义务的国际法依据、国家义务二项内容。第三部分对保护免遭强迫迁离的国际标准的内容进行概括和总结。这一部分主要通过对经济、社会和文化权利委员会第7号一般性意见、《强迫迁离：关于发展引起的流离失所的全面人权准则》以及《关于出于发展目的的搬迁和迁离问题的基本原则和准则》三份国际人权文书的分析而进行论述。结论部分主要是对前三章所做论述的总结，指出了国际人权法保护免遭强迫迁离现状所存在的不足，并提出了相应的完善建议。
[Abstract]:Human rights are derived from human life and inherent dignity, and all human rights are an expression of human dignity, and human rights are the right to universality, as recognized in international human rights law as a minimum standard recognized by customary international law or in accordance with international law, as recognized by customary international law or in accordance with international law. However, there is a large gap between human rights and the human rights to be recognized, which determines that human rights in international human rights law are an open concept. But at the same time, we can't make a generalization of the human rights, and it must be clearly defined before it can be effectively protected. Forced evictions, as a serious human rights violation, in particular the right to adequate housing, cannot be accommodated by the international community The United Nations human rights bodies have made numerous general comments, recommendations and resolutions on the relevant provisions of international human rights law and their jurisprudence, and it is clear that forced evictions are prohibited by international human rights law In this paper, based on the interpretation, analysis and discussion of these international human rights documents, the definition of forced evictions in the field of international human rights law, the protection of people from forced evictions in international human rights law are analysed and discussed. The relevant international standards on forced evictions, as well as the deficiencies and improvements of existing systems, were reported with a view to providing a number of ideas for future relevant legislation or academic research The paper is composed of three parts and conclusions. The body is as follows: The first part is forced An overview of evictions. This section focuses on the distinction between forced evictions, forced evictions and similar concepts, the characteristics of forced evictions, the causes of forced evictions, the human rights violations resulting from forced evictions, the rule of law and human rights to protect against forced evictions The second part of the right to the protection of international human rights from forced evictions On the basis of the law, this part is primarily concerned with the origin of international human rights law for the international protection of forced evictions, as well as the State and the strong Two parts of forced evictions, which, in turn, include the basis of international law on which the State bears the corresponding obligation, and the State II. Part III: International standards for protection against forced evictions The content is summarized and summarized, as part of which is mainly adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, No.7 Sexual Views, 【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2

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