港口国监督致不适当滞留的法律问题分析

发布时间：2019-04-17 16:43

【摘要】：二战结束以后,国际海运业得到了的极大振兴与发展,为了能在激烈的市场竞争中胜出,海运市场的参与者尽量减少运输成本,在利益的驱使下大量使用低标准船。此外,由于船旗国缺乏严格的管理,这些低标准船在运载过程中造成了一次次的重大事故,对海洋安全构成了巨大的威胁。为了保护海洋环境,确保航运业的健康发展,世界各区域相继成立了港口国监督谅解备忘录组织,开展实施港口国监督检查。但是另一方面,随着港口国监督检查的深入开展,也带了一系列的问题,如因港口国监督造成大量不适当滞留船舶情况的发生。本文针对这一问题,通过对其原因的分析,研究探讨其法律责任问题,并进而提出减少港口国监督造成不适当滞留的建议和对策。本文第一章主要阐述了港口国监督制度产生的背景以及其主要内容和措施。第二章主要从各方面分析不适当滞留船舶的原因,如故意违法作业,工作人员业务素质不高、标准不统一等等造成的过失滞留。第三章主要从国家赔偿角度分析因港口监督当局过失造成船舶的不适当滞留或延误应该承担的法律责任。第四章主要阐述因港口国监督当局不适当滞留船舶造成损害,被滞留的船舶方应采取什么样的救济途径,以及能否对赔偿义务机构适用赔偿责任限制的制度。第五章主要阐述港口国监督当局应采取何种有效措施降低不适当滞留船舶率。港口国监督制度的实施,对保护海洋环境安全,对提高全球的航运水平都有着重大的意义。但是如果这一制度运用不当,也会造成船舶不适当滞留的问题。本文在大量占有资料的基础上,在写作的过程中运用了法学比较法、归纳法、资料分析法等方法,力求理论和实际相结合,力求从多方面和多角度对问题进行探讨,以达到本文的写作研究目的。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the international shipping industry has been greatly reinvigorating and developing. In order to win in the fierce market competition, the participants of the maritime market minimize the transportation cost and use the low-standard ship in a large amount under the drive of the interests. In addition, due to the lack of strict management of flag States, these low-standard vessels pose a major threat to the safety of the oceans in the course of their delivery. In order to protect the marine environment and to ensure the healthy development of the shipping industry, the various regions of the world have successively established the port State to monitor the memorandum of understanding and carry out the port State supervision and inspection. On the other hand, with the further development of the supervision and inspection of the port State, a series of problems have been brought to the fore, as the supervision of the port State causes a large amount of inappropriate detention of the ship. In the light of this problem, through the analysis of its causes, this paper discusses its legal liability, and then puts forward some suggestions to reduce the improper detention caused by port State supervision. The first chapter of this paper mainly expounds the background and main contents of the port State supervision system. Measures. The second chapter mainly analyzes the causes of inappropriate detention of the ship from all aspects, such as the deliberate illegal operation, the low professional quality of the staff, the standard non-uniform and so on The third chapter mainly analyzes the law of the improper retention or delay of the ship caused by the negligence of the port supervision authorities from the angle of national compensation. The fourth chapter mainly states what kind of relief way the detained ship shall take, and whether the compensation liability is applicable to the compensation liability institution, as a result of the damage to the ship caused by the improper detention of the ship by the port State supervision authorities. Chapter V deals mainly with the effective measures that the port State supervisory authorities should take to reduce the inappropriate retention of the ship The implementation of the port State supervision system is of great importance to the protection of the marine environment and has a great impact on the improvement of the global shipping level. It is of great significance, but if the system is not used properly, it will cause the ship to be inappropriate. On the basis of large amount of information, this paper uses the methods of law comparison, induction and data analysis in the process of writing, and tries to combine the theory with practice, and try to discuss the problem from many aspects and angles so as to achieve the writing of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19;F552

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