贸易壁垒中的行业标准法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-05-05 17:39

【摘要】：近来,各国的经济联系密切,伴随着经济全球一体化、贸易自由化的进一步发展,其对贸易也产生了多方位的影响,而贸易壁垒则是其中的重要表现之一。贸易壁垒是指在国际经贸活动中,一国有针对性设置的、旨在限制出口国的商品及劳务等进入本国市场而采取的各种措施的总称。由于关税和非关税壁垒不断地被规制,很多国家、特别是科技发达的国家越来越多地利用更不易被监管和预测、手段更高明隐蔽的、已然成为发展新趋势和研究技术性贸易壁垒的重要课题之一的非政府技术规范行为来控制对外贸易,即通过技术手段来操纵跨境经贸活动。通常,这种技术手段表现为技术法规、技术标准等具有专业性和复杂性的规范文件。行业标准则是技术标准的表现形式之一,行业标准是一个经贸领域的概念,是指同一行业的不同公司、企业统一适用的技术标准。一般由政府授权或由在同一领域内的各公司、企业通过参加行业协会等非政府机构并授权其制定本领域内的具体标准。行业协会等非政府机构因其在专业领域内对技术标准的制定和确立具有其他主体不可比拟的优势,在具有高技术含量的贸易壁垒手段的实施上更为熟稔。因此,由行业协会等非政府机构制定的行业标准作为技术法规、技术标准确立的来源之一,对于国际经济贸易的交往有着不可忽视的影响。本文将对贸易壁垒的研究限定在行业标准对壁垒的形成所起到的作用范畴内,在肯定了行业标准对贸易壁垒形成的实际影响下,首先对论文题目进行了概述,包括对贸易壁垒和行业标准的概述,阐述了贸易壁垒的发展趋势、行业标准在贸易壁垒中的特征、行业标准在贸易交往中存在的现实意义以及国内外学者在相关领域内的研究现状。文章的第二部分讨论了贸易壁垒中行业标准在权力限制方面所存在的问题,从其权力来源进行评析,并对其规制提出了相关的见解。第三部分,讨论了贸易壁垒中行业标准的效力存在的消极影响,从其效力的权力来源及各国的具体表现进行评析并提出相关的规制意见。第四部分,进一步讨论了贸易壁垒中行业标准在法律监管上存在的漏洞,评析其监管的依据,提出规制的意见。文章最后一部分介绍了中国行业标准的现状,指出其与先进国家的差距,并提出完善的建议,以求在我国标准体系的完善和防御他国有针对性的贸易壁垒的实际操作中有据可循。
[Abstract]:Recently, with the economic globalization and the further development of trade liberalization, the economic ties of each country are close, and the trade barrier is one of the most important manifestations. Trade barriers refers to the measures taken by a state-owned country in international economic and trade activities to restrict the entry of goods and services from exporting countries into their own markets. As tariff and non-tariff barriers are constantly regulated, many countries, especially those with advanced science and technology, are increasingly making use of the more difficult to regulate and predict, and the more sophisticated and covert means, The behavior of non-governmental technical norms, which has become one of the important issues in the development of new trends and the study of technical barriers to trade, is to control foreign trade, that is, to manipulate cross-border economic and trade activities through technical means. Usually, the technical means are technical regulations, technical standards and other professional and complex regulatory documents. The trade standard is one of the manifestation forms of the technical standard. The industry standard is a concept in the economic and trade field, which refers to the uniform applicable technical standard of different companies and enterprises in the same industry. Generally authorized by the government or by companies in the same field, enterprises through participation in non-governmental organizations such as industry associations and authorizing them to set specific standards in this field. Non-governmental organizations, such as trade associations, are more familiar with the implementation of high-tech barriers to trade because of their incomparable advantages in the formulation and establishment of technical standards in the field of expertise. Therefore, the industry standards formulated by non-governmental organizations, such as trade associations, as a technical regulation, and one of the sources of the establishment of technical standards, have an important impact on the international economic and trade exchanges. In this paper, the study of trade barriers is limited to the role of industry standards in the formation of trade barriers, in the affirmation of the actual impact of industry standards on the formation of trade barriers, first of all, a summary of the topic of the paper. Including an overview of trade barriers and industry standards, this paper expounds the development trend of trade barriers and the characteristics of industry standards in trade barriers. The practical significance of trade standards in trade exchange and the current research situation of domestic and foreign scholars in related fields. The second part of this paper discusses the problems existing in the restriction of power in trade barriers, analyzes the sources of power, and puts forward some relevant opinions on the regulation of trade barriers. In the third part, the author discusses the negative influence of the effectiveness of the trade standards in the trade barriers, analyzes the power sources of the trade barriers and the concrete performance of the countries, and puts forward some relevant regulatory suggestions. In the fourth part, the author further discusses the loopholes in the legal supervision of the trade barriers, analyzes the basis of the regulation, and puts forward some suggestions on the regulation of the trade barriers. The last part of the article introduces the current situation of Chinese industry standards, points out the gap between them and advanced countries, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement. In order to improve the standard system of our country and defend the actual operation of other countries' targeted trade barriers, there is evidence to follow.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D922.29

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