国际投资仲裁在减缓气候变化中的作用

发布时间：2019-05-27 17:21

【摘要】：随着全球化进程的加剧,国际间投资往来也愈加频繁,为投资者保驾护航的投资协定数量也快速增加。截止到2015年底,全球国际投资协定总数已达3300多个,外国直接投资总量从1980年的5000万美元增加到2015年1.76万亿美元。①国际投资在降低经济成本带动经济发展的同时,也带来的一定的负面影响,其中最为突出的是气候变化。第21届联合国气候变化大会于2015年12月12日在巴黎闭幕,全球195个缔约国通过了气候变化新协议并于2016年4月22日开启签署仪式。②这种发展趋势将促使各国纷纷制定更多的碳排放、碳交易计划或其他碳调节措施,推动气候和环境立法,并实施更为严格的气候管控措施。③东道国制定的气候保护政策和措施往往与已签订的投资协定相冲突,进而被投资者提交国际投资仲裁。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》等影响下,国际投资争端的数量呈现增长趋势,其中更为突出的是投资者与东道国之间的争端。④为投资者提供法律保护的投资协定,消除了投资者的疑虑,促进了资本的全球流通,成为保护投资最为重要的国际法制度。投资协定因其分散、复杂性及其本质是在维护投资者的利益,使其在气候系统保护中作用微弱。而作为国际投资争端主要解决途径的国际投资争端解决中心(International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,简称 ICSID),因其本身的缺陷使其在减缓气候变化中存在的困境,越来越为国内外学者及东道国所诟病。本文分析了国际投资仲裁在减缓气候变化中的困境,并以减缓气候变化为视角对国际投资仲裁进行了建言,希望对国际投资仲裁及我国有所启示。为此,本文共分为四个部分进行了探讨:第一部分对国际投资仲裁和气候变化进行了论述,分析了气候变化案件提交国际投资仲裁的原因,并进一步论述了国际投资仲裁在减缓气候变化中的意义;第二部分从国际投资协定和国际投资仲裁两个角度分析了国际投资仲裁在减缓气候变化中的困境;第三部分针对国际投资仲裁在气候变化中的困境,从裁决依据、排除管辖、仲裁庭条约解释、仲裁程序改革等角度进行了建言;第四部分分析了中国在减缓气候变化的努力,中国与国际投资仲裁的现状,并从东道国和投资者两个角度提出了建议。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of globalization, international investment exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and the number of investment agreements protecting investors is also increasing rapidly. By the end of 2015, the total number of global international investment agreements had reached more than 3300, and the total amount of foreign direct investment had increased from 50 million US dollars in 1980 to 1.76 trillion US dollars in 2015. 1 while reducing economic costs and driving economic development, international investment has led to economic development. It also brings some negative effects, the most prominent of which is climate change. The 21st United Nations Climate change Conference concluded in Paris on 12 December 2015, 195 parties around the world have adopted a new climate change agreement and signed it on April 22, 2016. 2 this trend will prompt countries to develop more carbon emissions, carbon trading plans or other carbon regulation measures. Promote climate and environmental legislation and implement stricter climate control measures. 3. Climate protection policies and measures formulated by host countries often conflict with existing investment agreements and are then submitted to international investment arbitration by investors. Under the influence of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the number of international investment disputes is on the rise, especially between investors and host countries. [4] Investment agreements that provide legal protection to investors, It dispels investors' misgivings, promotes the global circulation of capital, and becomes the most important international law system to protect investment. Because of its dispersion, complexity and essence, investment agreements play a weak role in the protection of climate system. (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, as the main way to resolve international investment disputes, is referred to as ICSID), for its own defects, which makes it difficult to mitigate climate change. More and more scholars at home and abroad and the host country criticized. This paper analyzes the dilemma of international investment arbitration in mitigating climate change, and makes suggestions on international investment arbitration from the perspective of climate change mitigation, hoping to enlighten international investment arbitration and China. Therefore, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the international investment arbitration and climate change, and analyzes the reasons why climate change cases are submitted to international investment arbitration. The significance of international investment arbitration in mitigating climate change is further discussed. The second part analyzes the dilemma of international investment arbitration in mitigating climate change from the perspective of international investment agreements and international investment arbitration. In the third part, aiming at the dilemma of international investment arbitration in climate change, this paper makes suggestions from the angles of award basis, exclusion jurisdiction, arbitration tribunal treaty interpretation, arbitration procedure reform and so on. The fourth part analyzes the current situation of China's efforts to mitigate climate change and the arbitration between China and international investment, and puts forward some suggestions from the perspective of host country and investor.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.4

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