论劳工标准与国际贸易的挂钩方式

发布时间：2019-06-04 20:38

【摘要】：我国因为外贸加工产业发达,所出口的产品占据了大部分的国际市场,所以在近年来获得了“世界工厂”的称号,2009年更超过德国成为世界第一出口国。1但是我国的出口企业以劳动密集型为主,出口产品的竞争优势主要来自低廉的劳动力成本,面对西方发达国家设置的蓝色壁垒,我国的出口贸易受到了巨大的影响。本文试图对于劳工标准与国际贸易相挂钩的方式、历史、原因、争议以及我国如何应对等问题做出研究和解答。笔者在研究中采取了历史的研究方法、比较分析的研究方法以及法律经济学等交叉学科的研究方法。历史的研究方法体现在本文对于劳工标准和国际贸易关系问题所进行的发展脉络的梳理上;采用比较分析的研究方法是因为本文研究的问题一直伴随着发达国家和发展中国家的对立与冲突,同时还需要就我国的劳工标准和国际标准间进行对比;而交叉学科的研究则表现为笔者试图从经济领域的视角对于这一问题进行综合性的把握,进而援引了诸如竞争优势学说、统计学上的实证研究等内容。本文分成五章。第一章是相关理论问题概述。笔者辨析了劳工标准、国际劳工标准、核心劳工标准、蓝色壁垒等基本概念,对于劳工标准和国际贸易相挂钩的背景、历史、劳工标准对中国国际贸易的影响、劳工标准与国际贸易之间相关争议的实质等方面做出了论述。笔者认为这一问题是经济全球化和自由贸易极大发展的产物,反映了发达国家和发展中国家之间由于发展水平不同、竞争优势不同而产生的深刻对立。笔者在本章的最后提出了两种彼此之间相辅相成的挂钩方式:政府主导的挂钩方式和民间主导的挂钩方式,并进行了简要的说明。第二章主要对政府主导的挂钩方式进行了分析。笔者以这一挂钩方式的表现形式为分类标准,按照国内法、双边贸易协定、普惠制、区域贸易协定以及以WTO为核心的多边贸易体系等顺序逐一进行了论述,有关劳工标准和WTO之间的关系是其中的重点。笔者梳理了发达国家和发展中国家之间对于是否将劳工标准纳入WTO的争议,并从必要性和可行性两方面论述了将核心劳工标准纳入WTO是大势所趋。第三章是民间主导的挂钩方式的内容。笔者首先分析了这一挂钩方式产生的原因及表现形式,接着着重选取了具备国际影响力的SA8000标准进行了研究。SA8000既包括了核心劳工标准,又包括了其它更为广泛的内容,并在认证和监督的模式上形成了自身的优势。SA8000一方面增加了我国企业的运营成本、影响了我国的产品出口,但是另一方面又可以成为我国产业结构升级的动力,适应和利用好SA8000符合我国的长期利益。第四章是中国面对这一问题时所应采取的对策。笔者认为我国应该报以积极的心态,从法律、经济等各个层面做好准备,适时建立本土化的民间标准。同时还必须考虑到我国东西部发展不平衡这一国情,适合东部地区的应对策略不一定适合西部地区,而有关西部地区在这一问题中的角色及对策尚属于研究的薄弱环节,需要有针对性的跟进。第五章是结论,主要是对本文的观点做出了简单的概括。
[Abstract]:because the foreign trade processing industry is developed, the exported products occupy a large part of the international market, so in recent years the title of the World Factory has been acquired, and in 2009, Germany has become the first exporter of the world. But the export enterprises in our country are mainly labor-intensive, The competitive advantage of the export products is mainly from the low labor cost, facing the blue barrier set by the western developed countries, and the export trade of our country has been greatly affected. This paper tries to study and answer the way, history, reason, dispute and how to deal with the problems of labor standard and international trade. The author has taken the research method of history, the research method of comparative analysis and the study of the cross-discipline such as the law economics. Methods: The research method of history is reflected in the development of the relationship between the labor standard and the international trade. The research method of comparative analysis is because the problems in this paper have been the opposite of the developed countries and the developing countries. At the same time, it is necessary to make a comparison between the labor standard and the international standard in our country, and the cross-discipline research shows that the author tries to make a comprehensive grasp of this problem from the perspective of the economic field, and then, it also cites the theory of competitive advantage, the empirical study of statistics and so on. the present invention The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is related. The author has analyzed the basic concepts of labor standard, international labor standard, core labor standard, blue barrier and so on. The impact of trade, the substance of the dispute between the labour standard and international trade, etc. The author thinks that this problem is the product of the great development of the economic globalization and free trade, which reflects the difference of the development level and the competitive advantage among the developed and developing countries. In the end of this chapter, the author put forward two ways of linking with each other: the way of the government-led hook and the way of the folk-led. A brief description. The second chapter focuses on the government-led suspension. The author makes an analysis of the pattern of the hook. In the form of this hook, the author makes a discussion on the order of the classification standard, according to the domestic law, the bilateral trade agreement, the GSP, the regional trade agreement and the multilateral trading system, which is the core of the WTO, and the relation between the labor standard and the WTO The author has combed the disputes between developed and developing countries as to whether to include labor standards in the WTO, and discusses the integration of the core labor standards from the aspects of necessity and feasibility. The WTO is the general trend of the great potential. The third chapter is the people The author first analyzed the reason and expression of the hook pattern, and then focused on the selection of SA with the influence of international influence. The 8000 standard has been studied. The SA8000 includes both the core labor standards and other more extensive content, as well as the certification and supervision On the one hand, the operation cost of China's enterprises is increased, and the export of our products is affected. On the other hand, we can also become the power to upgrade the industrial structure of our country, and to adapt and use the SA80 The fourth chapter is China In the face of this problem, the author thinks that our country should take a positive attitude and make a good job in the aspects of law, economy and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the situation that the development of the east and west of China is not balanced, and it is not necessary for the coping strategies in the eastern region to be suitable for the western region, and the role and the countermeasures of the western region in this problem are still under the study. The weak links, the need for targeted follow-up. Chapter V is the conclusion,
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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