国际贸易协定中的“文化例外”问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-19 10:54
【摘要】：摘要：随着国际文化产品贸易竞争的不断升级,一直以来被忽视或者说是搁置的“文化例外”问题开始引起人们的广泛关注。“文化例外”是指在文化产品的国际贸易中,在坚持贸易自由化的基础上,认可必要的文化保护措施和例外规定,使成员国在国际贸易竞争中能够发挥文化资源优势,使其能够保护本国文化产品的特性以及实现文化产品国际贸易的实质公平。 本文以国际贸易协定中的“文化例外”问题为研究对象,以美国—中国出版物及视听娱乐产品案为例,探讨实行“文化例外”的重要性,分析国际贸易协定中有关“文化例外”规定存在的问题,并提出相应的完善对策。最后针对中美出版物及视听娱乐产品案中提出的问题以及我国面对的发展形势,提出了我国的应对措施。 本文从全球贸易协定和区域贸易协定两个层次探讨“文化例外”规则的完善问题。WTO是比较早地支持“文化例外”的国际法律文件,GATT和GATG都有相关的“文化例外”规定。但“文化例外”并没有作为独立条款写进WTO法律中。与之相比,有关的区域贸易协定和双边贸易协定中的“文化例外”规定表现的更突出。其中,《北美自由贸易协定》以及欧盟的相关文化贸易协定有关“文化例外”的规定具有代表性。但是不论是WTO法律还是有关的双边或区域贸易协定关于文化例外的规则都存在不足,不能对文化产品贸易提供特殊保护。因而有必要完善国际贸易协定中的“文化例外”规则。在WTO中,除了要完善一些具体规则,还应该明确将“文化例外”作为一般例外的内容。区域贸易协定中“文化例外”的规定可以从规则和适用程序两个层面予以完善。 与许多国家没有在WTO中做出文化方面的承诺或承诺很少的情况不同,由于多方面原因,我国入世时在文化领域做出了一定的承诺,这些承诺对我国文化贸易的管理构成了限制,这使得我国在当前激烈的文化贸易战中处于十分不利的地位,美国—中国出版物及视听娱乐产品案就是一个很好的说明。所以,我国有必要认真研究“文化例外”问题,积极参与国际贸易协定有关“文化例外”规则的制定。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the continuous escalation of international trade competition in cultural products, the problem of "cultural exception", which has been neglected or shelved, has begun to attract extensive attention. "Cultural exception" refers to the recognition of necessary cultural protection measures and exceptions in the international trade of cultural products, on the basis of insisting on trade liberalization, so that member States can give full play to the advantages of cultural resources in international trade competition, so that they can protect the characteristics of their own cultural products and realize the substantive fairness of international trade in cultural products. This paper takes the problem of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements as the research object, takes the case of American-Chinese publications and audio-visual entertainment products as an example, probes into the importance of implementing "cultural exception", analyzes the problems existing in the provisions of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements, and puts forward some corresponding perfect countermeasures. Finally, in view of the problems raised in the case of publications and audio-visual entertainment products in China and the United States and the development situation faced by our country, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for our country. This paper discusses the perfection of the rule of "cultural exception" from two levels of global trade agreements and regional trade agreements. WTO is an early international legal document supporting "cultural exception". Both GATT and GATG have the relevant "cultural exception" provisions. However, the Cultural exception was not written into WTO law as an independent clause. In contrast, the "cultural exception" provisions in the relevant regional trade agreements and bilateral trade agreements are more prominent. Among them, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the relevant EU cultural trade agreements on "cultural exceptions" are representative. However, whether it is WTO law or the relevant bilateral or regional trade agreements on cultural exceptions, there are shortcomings and can not provide special protection for the trade of cultural products. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the "cultural exception" rule in international trade agreements. In WTO, in addition to perfecting some specific rules, the "cultural exception" should also be taken as the general exception. The provisions of "cultural exceptions" in regional trade agreements can be improved from two aspects: rules and applicable procedures. Different from the fact that many countries have not made cultural commitments or commitments in WTO, due to many reasons, China made certain commitments in the field of culture when China joined the WTO. These commitments limit the management of China's cultural trade, which makes our country in a very disadvantageous position in the current fierce cultural trade war. The case of American-Chinese publications and audio-visual entertainment products is a good illustration. Therefore, it is necessary for our country to seriously study the problem of "cultural exception" and actively participate in the formulation of the rules of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.1
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the continuous escalation of international trade competition in cultural products, the problem of "cultural exception", which has been neglected or shelved, has begun to attract extensive attention. "Cultural exception" refers to the recognition of necessary cultural protection measures and exceptions in the international trade of cultural products, on the basis of insisting on trade liberalization, so that member States can give full play to the advantages of cultural resources in international trade competition, so that they can protect the characteristics of their own cultural products and realize the substantive fairness of international trade in cultural products. This paper takes the problem of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements as the research object, takes the case of American-Chinese publications and audio-visual entertainment products as an example, probes into the importance of implementing "cultural exception", analyzes the problems existing in the provisions of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements, and puts forward some corresponding perfect countermeasures. Finally, in view of the problems raised in the case of publications and audio-visual entertainment products in China and the United States and the development situation faced by our country, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for our country. This paper discusses the perfection of the rule of "cultural exception" from two levels of global trade agreements and regional trade agreements. WTO is an early international legal document supporting "cultural exception". Both GATT and GATG have the relevant "cultural exception" provisions. However, the Cultural exception was not written into WTO law as an independent clause. In contrast, the "cultural exception" provisions in the relevant regional trade agreements and bilateral trade agreements are more prominent. Among them, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the relevant EU cultural trade agreements on "cultural exceptions" are representative. However, whether it is WTO law or the relevant bilateral or regional trade agreements on cultural exceptions, there are shortcomings and can not provide special protection for the trade of cultural products. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the "cultural exception" rule in international trade agreements. In WTO, in addition to perfecting some specific rules, the "cultural exception" should also be taken as the general exception. The provisions of "cultural exceptions" in regional trade agreements can be improved from two aspects: rules and applicable procedures. Different from the fact that many countries have not made cultural commitments or commitments in WTO, due to many reasons, China made certain commitments in the field of culture when China joined the WTO. These commitments limit the management of China's cultural trade, which makes our country in a very disadvantageous position in the current fierce cultural trade war. The case of American-Chinese publications and audio-visual entertainment products is a good illustration. Therefore, it is necessary for our country to seriously study the problem of "cultural exception" and actively participate in the formulation of the rules of "cultural exception" in international trade agreements.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.1
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