多船碰撞致损的法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-24 18:00

【摘要】：随着各港口和航道的船舶密度不断增加,多船碰撞事故的发生日渐普遍亦日趋频繁。国内外对于船舶碰撞致损的理论研究大都局限于双船碰撞致损层面,对于多船碰撞致损研究甚少。多船碰撞相较于一般的双船碰撞而言,涉及的当事方多、法律关系复杂,对碰撞事故的认定和责任的明确难度大;且多船碰撞往往发生于船舶密集的港口、航道等重要区域,故除了对各当事方的直接损害外,对海上航运和海上经济造成的间接损害更是难以估量。如何解决多船碰撞致损产生的诸多法律问题显得尤为重要,而中国现行立法关于多船碰撞致损问题却鲜有涉及。因此,对多船碰撞致损相关法律问题进行研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文综合运用文献分析法、案例分析法、比较研究法等研究方法对多船碰撞致损的法律问题进行探讨。本文分四个部分进行分析论述:第一部分探讨了什么是多船碰撞,这是研究多船碰撞致损问题的前提。虽然现行立法并未对多船碰撞作出明确规定,但由于多船碰撞是一种特殊的船舶碰撞现象,因此可以从现有的船舶碰撞基础理论中推导得出多船碰撞的概念和构成要件。第二部分将多船碰撞分成多船前后碰撞、多船会遇、拖航致使多船碰撞三种情形,并对每一种情形采用不同的方法分析其碰撞关系,进而确定各当事方的责任。第三部分主要论述了多船碰撞致损的责任划分问题,首先,明确了多船碰撞致损的责任基础和责任划分原则;其次,从司法实践出发,区别了单位法和分别法这两种现行的责任划分方法;最后,介绍了关于多船碰撞致损责任划分的相关规定。第四部分分析了多船碰撞致损相关立法的完善必要性,基于对前篇所述问题的探讨研究来提出有效的立法建议。本文的创新点在于对如何认定多船碰撞的法律关系进行探讨,这种情形不同于双船碰撞,不能简单的将所有当事船舶放到一个法律关系中,对多船碰撞法律关系的分析是为了更好的认定当事船舶的责任。
[Abstract]:As the ship density of each port and channel is increasing, the occurrence of multi-ship collision accidents is becoming more and more frequent. The theoretical research on the damage to the ship collision at home and abroad is mostly confined to the damage level of the double-ship collision, and the research on the collision-induced damage of the multi-ship is very low. Compared with the general double-ship collision, the multi-ship collision is more complex, the legal relationship is complex, the identification and the responsibility of the collision accident are clear, and the collision of the multiple ships is often the important area of the ship-intensive port, the channel and the like, Therefore, in addition to the direct damage to the parties, the indirect damage to the maritime shipping and the maritime economy is even more difficult to measure. It is very important to solve many legal problems caused by multi-ship collision, and the current legislation of China has little involved in the problem of multi-ship collision. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal problems related to the collision and loss of multiple ships. This paper makes a comprehensive use of the methods of literature analysis, case analysis and comparative study to discuss the legal problems of multi-ship collision. This paper analyses the four parts: the first part discusses what is the multi-ship collision, which is the premise to study the problem of multi-ship collision. Although the current legislation does not specify the multi-ship collision, the multi-ship collision is a special ship collision phenomenon, so the concept and the component of the multi-ship collision can be derived from the existing basic theory of ship collision. In the second part, the multi-ship collision is divided into a multi-ship collision, a multi-ship meeting and a towing, so that the multi-ship collision is three situations, and the collision relation is analyzed by adopting different methods for each situation, and the responsibilities of the parties are further determined. The third part mainly discusses the responsibility division of multi-ship collision damage, first, the principle of responsibility foundation and responsibility division of multi-ship collision damage is defined, and secondly, from the judicial practice, the two existing methods of responsibility division are distinguished from the unit method and the method respectively; and finally, In this paper, the relevant regulations on the division of the damage liability for multi-ship collision are introduced. The fourth part analyses the necessity of the improvement of the related legislation of multi-ship collision, and puts forward the effective legislative proposal based on the study of the above-mentioned problems. The innovation point of this paper is to discuss how to identify the legal relation of multi-ship collision, which is different from the double-ship collision. It is not easy to put all the ships in a legal relationship, and the analysis of the relationship between the multi-ship collision law is to better determine the responsibility of the ship.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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