论污染者负担原则的嬗变

发布时间：2019-07-05 13:15

【摘要】：经济合作与发展组织最早提出污染者负担原则,其根本目的在于避免因国家承担污染预防和控制费用而导致国际贸易的不正当竞争,确保共同市场和经济一体化的发展。伴随着污染者负担原则的政策与法律实践在各国国内法律和政策领域的展开,污染者负担原则由国际贸易中的一项经济原则,逐步发展和演变为一项具有政策倡导性的环境原则,其目的在于通过明确污染者对于污染预防、控制和治理等方面的责任,促进环境问题的公平解决和推动可持续发展目标的公平实现。同时,随着国内、国际环境法对污染者负担原则的认可和采纳,污染者负担原则逐步由政策性的环境原则,发展和演化成为一项国内、国际环境法所共同接受的环境法原则,并具有规范和引导环境立法、弥补法律漏洞、帮助法律解释和解决国际贸易和环境争端等方面的法律实践意义。随着污染者负担原则的实践发展,其主体和责任范围不断扩大。通过环境责任主体归属的确定和责任范围的划定,污染者负担原则已成为当代社会环境法律和政策实践的重要法理基础。
[Abstract]:The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development first put forward the principle of pollution burden, the fundamental purpose of which is to avoid unfair competition in international trade caused by the cost of pollution prevention and control borne by the state, and to ensure the development of common market and economic integration. With the development of the policy and legal practice of the polluter burden principle in the domestic laws and policy fields of each country, the polluter burden principle has gradually developed and evolved from an economic principle in international trade to a policy-driven environmental principle, which is aimed at defining the responsibility of the polluter for pollution prevention, control and control, etc., Promote the fair solution of environmental problems and promote the fair realization of sustainable development goals. At the same time, with the recognition and adoption of the polluter burden principle in domestic and international environmental law, the polluter burden principle has gradually developed and evolved from the policy environmental principle to a commonly accepted environmental law principle in domestic and international environmental law, and has the legal practical significance of standardizing and guiding environmental legislation, making up for legal loopholes, helping legal interpretation and settlement of international trade and environmental disputes, and so on. With the development of the polluter burden principle, its main body and scope of responsibility continue to expand. Through the determination of the subject of environmental responsibility and the delineation of the scope of responsibility, the principle of pollution person burden has become an important legal basis of environmental law and policy practice in contemporary society.
【作者单位】：武汉大学法学院环境法研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地武汉大学环境法研究所重大项目“环境基本法比较研究”(项目编号:2007JJD810161)的研究成果之一
【分类号】：D996.9

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