WTO“协商一致”决策方式之重新认识:以与传统投票表决方式的比较为视角

发布时间：2019-07-31 15:02

【摘要】：WTO"协商一致"的决策方式已经不再能够适应国际经贸格局的变迁。考查国际组织表决方式的普遍性规律对深入认识WTO决策方式十分必要。国际组织表决方式是国际组织的成员通过投票等方式表示赞成或者反对某项决议草案的安排。但是"决策"和"表决"为不同概念,前者是一个做出决定的全部过程,不仅仅限于投票表决环节。"协商一致"是"不经过投票表决达成共识"的决策方式,它并非传统的投票表决方式,其中成员之间的协商和谈判最为重要。WTO"协商一致"决策方式有狭义和广义之分。前者指WTO成员在部长级会议和总理事会等决策机构上对决议草案表示赞成或反对的过程,后者除包含前者外,更包括在决议草案提交决策机构前WTO成员就谈判议题进行谈判的程序和规则。
[Abstract]:The decision-making mode of WTO consensus can no longer adapt to the changes of international economic and trade pattern. It is necessary to investigate the universal law of voting mode in international organizations in order to deeply understand the decision-making mode of WTO. Voting by an international organization is an arrangement in which members of an international organization vote in favour of or against a draft resolution. However, "decision-making" and "voting" are different concepts. The former is the whole process of making decisions, not limited to voting. "consensus" is the decision-making method of "reaching consensus without voting", it is not the traditional voting method, among which the consultation and negotiation among members is the most important. WTO "consensus" decision-making method has a narrow sense and a broad sense. The former refers to the process in which WTO members express their support for or opposition to the draft resolution at ministerial meetings and decision-making bodies such as the General Council, while the latter includes not only the former, but also the procedures and rules for WTO members to negotiate on the subject of negotiation before the draft resolution is submitted to the decision-making body.
【作者单位】：西南科技大学法学院;
【基金】：2012年国家社科基金重点项目《WTO体制中成员集团化法律问题研究》(12AFX017)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D996.1

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