我国海岛纯生态损害司法救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 20:58

本文选题：海岛　切入点：纯生态损害　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岛是地球海洋表面的特殊地貌体,是全球生命支持系统的一个重要组成部分,也是促进国家经济、社会可持续发展的宝贵资源之一,我国拥有丰富的海岛资源,对海岛进行合理开发、利用,能为我国的经济发展提供强劲的动力,但长期以来,我国在开发、利用海岛的过程中,海岛生态环境也遭受了严重的损害。海岛生态损害包括因环境侵权行为引起的海岛生态环境本身的损害和以环境为媒介造成的他人的人身及财产损害,其中,较之人身、财产损害,海岛生态系统本身的损害即海岛纯生态损害的问题显得尤为突出,因此对海岛纯生态损害的司法救济制度进行研究,对强化我国海岛生态保护、促进海岛经济的健康持续发展具有重要意义。由于海岛纯生态损害未涉及到权利人私权的直接受损,因此在程序法上无法通过传统的民事诉讼或行政诉讼进行救济,只能通过环境公益诉讼制度对纯生态损害进行司法救济。近年来,环境公益诉讼已经成为学界研究的热点问题,学者们对环境公益诉讼的研究主要集中在诉讼范围、原告资格、诉讼保障、举证责任和责任的承担方式上,旨在通过研究环境公益诉讼的相关理论,为我国环境公益诉讼制度的研究提出立法建议,完善我国纯生态损害司法救济制度。但学界现行的研究对象过于宽泛,忽略了海岛生态损害的特殊性,没有对海岛纯生态损害与陆地纯生态损害进行区分,没有对海岛纯生态损害的环境公益诉讼具体程序和规则进行专题研究。本文试图通过采用文献研究法、案例研究法、对比研究法等研究方法,基于海岛纯生态损害的特殊性,从海岛生态保护的理论与现实出发,对我国环境公益制度进行研究,梳理现行环境公益诉讼制度存在的问题,在借鉴国外相关立法与司法实践的基础上,提出完善我国海岛纯生态损害司法救济制度的思路。本文的基本逻辑结构如下:本文第一部分对相关概念进行了解释和界定,在借鉴权威资料的基础上,厘清"海岛"、"纯生态损害"和"纯生态损害司法救济制度"在本文中的定义,并简要阐述海岛纯生态司法救济制度的法理基础;第二部分介绍了我国纯生态损害司法救济制度的立法现状,并基于海岛生态损害的特殊性,分析其存在的问题,包括原告资格范围狭窄、生态损害赔偿金的监管与使用存在缺陷、诉讼前置程序的规定不够具体等。第三部分对国外关于纯生态损害司法救济制度的立法和司法实践进行考察,总结其中值得我国借鉴的方面。第四部分,以前述分析为基础,根据我国海岛生态保护的现状,在借鉴国外相关经验的基础上,提出完善我国海岛纯生态损害司法救济制度的思路,以期对解决现实问题有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Islands are special landforms on the surface of the earth's oceans, an important part of the global life support system, and one of the precious resources to promote the sustainable development of national economy and society. China has abundant island resources. The rational development and utilization of the islands can provide a strong driving force for the economic development of our country, but for a long time, in the process of developing and utilizing the islands in our country, The island ecological environment has also suffered serious damage. The island ecological damage includes the damage to the island ecological environment itself caused by the environmental tort act and the damage to the person and property of others caused by the environment as the medium. The problem of property damage, the damage of island ecosystem itself, that is, the pure ecological damage of island is particularly prominent. Therefore, the judicial relief system of island pure ecological damage is studied to strengthen the ecological protection of islands in China. It is of great significance to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the island economy. Since the pure ecological damage of the island does not involve the direct damage of the private rights of the right holder, there is no way to remedy the island through the traditional civil or administrative litigation in procedural law. In recent years, environmental public interest litigation has become a hot issue in academic research. Scholars' research on environmental public interest litigation mainly focuses on the scope of litigation, plaintiff qualification, On the way of litigation protection, burden of proof and burden of burden of proof, the purpose of this paper is to put forward legislative suggestions for the study of the system of environmental public interest litigation by studying the relevant theories of environmental public interest litigation. Perfect the judicial relief system of pure ecological damage in our country, but the current research object of academic circles is too broad, neglecting the particularity of island ecological damage, there is no distinction between pure ecological damage on island and pure ecological damage on land. There is no special research on the specific procedure and rules of environmental public interest litigation of island pure ecological damage. This paper attempts to use literature research method, case study method, contrast research method and other research methods, based on the particularity of island pure ecological damage. Based on the theory and reality of island ecological protection, this paper studies the environmental public welfare system of our country, combs the problems existing in the current environmental public welfare litigation system, and draws lessons from the relevant legislation and judicial practice of foreign countries. The basic logical structure of this paper is as follows: in the first part of this paper, the related concepts are explained and defined, on the basis of drawing lessons from authoritative data, Clarify the definition of "island", "pure ecological damage" and "pure ecological damage judicial relief system" in this paper, and briefly explain the legal basis of island pure ecological judicial relief system; The second part introduces the legislation status of judicial relief system of pure ecological damage in China, and analyzes the existing problems based on the particularity of island ecological damage, including the narrow scope of plaintiff's qualification. There are some defects in the supervision and use of ecological damages, and the provisions of the pre-litigation procedure are not specific enough. The third part investigates the legislation and judicial practice of the judicial relief system of pure ecological damage abroad. Part 4th, on the basis of the foregoing analysis, according to the present situation of the ecological protection of the islands in our country, on the basis of drawing lessons from the relevant experiences of foreign countries, This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the judicial relief system of pure ecological damage in China's islands, in order to help solve the practical problems.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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