论优势证据说在环境侵权因果关系推定中的运用

发布时间：2018-03-26 09:01

本文选题：环境侵权　切入点：因果关系　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在寻求对环境保护的途径中，如何运用法律手段保护环境及追究污染者的民事责任，已成为中国法学界研究的一大课题。而目前通行的做法是，侵权行为与损害事实之间因果关系为确定污染者的侵权责任的前提。关于认定因果关系的方法与标准，，我国立法与实践方面仍然有很多的不足。这使救济与保护污染受害者的合法利益，追究环境污染者的责任面临着极大的困难。笔者通过本文论述，从介绍环境侵权因果关系的相关概念，进而介绍优势证据说在环境侵权因果关系推定中的运用与发展，基于对国外一些国家经验的研究，细致的讨论了优势证据说在我们环境侵权因果关系推定中运用的相关完善。希望通过本文可以给未来的环境侵权案件的审理带来些许启发与帮助。除引言与结语外，本文共分五大部分。第一部分介绍优势证据说的缘起及其在环境法上的发展。我们现行法律在认定环境侵权因果上通行的是举证责任倒置原则，但是不能满足复杂多变的司法实践中实际要求；优势证据说从其兴起到在美国、日本环境侵权法上的运用与发展。第二部分介绍优势证据说与其他相关学说的比较：间接反证说、事实推定说、疫学因果说和姑且推定说；进一步介绍优势证据说与其他相关学说之间的异同比较。第三部分介绍优势证据说在环境侵权因果关系推定中运用的规则与评析。此部分从优势证据说在环境侵权因果关系推定中运用的价值取向开始，分析了优势证据说在环境侵权因果关系推定中运用的规则及合理性和存在缺陷。第四部分介绍优势证据说在我国环境侵权因果关系推定中的具体运用。我们要根据不同的环境侵权类型，选择适合的因果关系推定理论；排除损害事实与污染行为之间存在的其他可能性情况，而不能不分事实一刀切；通过分析环境侵权案件类型，提出必须平衡环境侵权加害方与受害方的利益，使社会和谐发展。第五部分介绍优势证据在我国环境侵权因果关系推定中运用规则的完善。在运用优势证据说时不但要排除合理怀疑；不能忽视优势证据说只是认定待证事实的最低限度；注重对证据质量的评价；在合宜之时应当把优势证据说纳入环境保护法之中，让我们的司法实践真正有法可依。
[Abstract]:In seeking ways to protect the environment, how to use legal means to protect the environment and investigate the civil liability of polluters has become a major research topic in Chinese legal circles. The causality between tort and the fact of damage is the premise of determining the tort liability of the polluter. There are still many deficiencies in legislation and practice in our country, which makes it very difficult to relieve and protect the legitimate interests of the victims of pollution and to investigate the responsibility of the polluters. In this paper, the author introduces the related concepts of environmental tort causality, and then introduces the application and development of advantage evidence theory in the presumption of environmental tort causality, based on the research on the experience of some foreign countries. This paper discusses the relevant perfection of the advantage evidence theory in the presumption of causality of environmental tort. I hope this paper can bring some inspiration and help to the future environmental tort cases. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the origin of the advantage evidence theory and its development in the environmental law. The principle of inversion of the burden of proof is adopted in the current law to identify the environmental tort causality, but it can not meet the practical requirements in the complicated and changeable judicial practice. Advantage evidence theory from its rise to the use and development of environmental tort law in the United States and Japan. The second part introduces the comparison between advantage evidence theory and other relevant theories: indirect reverse theory, fact presumption theory, epidemic causality theory and palliative presumption theory, and further introduces the similarities and differences between advantage evidence theory and other related theories. The third part introduces the rules and comments on the application of advantage evidence theory in the presumption of environmental tort causality. This part begins with the value orientation of advantage evidence theory in environmental tort causality presumption. This paper analyzes the rules, rationality and defects of advantage evidence theory in the presumption of environmental tort causality. The fourth part introduces the specific application of advantage evidence theory in the presumption of causality of environmental tort in China. We should choose the appropriate theory of causality presumption according to different types of environmental tort. By analyzing the types of environmental tort cases, the author puts forward that it is necessary to balance the interests of the injured party and the aggrieved party in order to make the society develop harmoniously. The fifth part introduces the perfection of the application rules of advantage evidence in the presumption of causality of environmental tort in China. Emphasis should be placed on the evaluation of the quality of evidence, and the theory of superior evidence should be brought into the environmental protection law at the appropriate time, so that our judicial practice can really be based on the law.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68;D925.13

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