环境行政执法中执行力的问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:30

本文选题：环境行政执法 + 执行力　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国环境保护法律体系已基本建立,现已有各类环境保护法律21部,法规37部,部门法规62部,另有地方性法规、环境质量标准几百部,涉及刑法、民法、行政法等领域。这看似完备的环境法律体系却存在一大硬伤——行政执行难,严重影响了我国环境保护执法工作效率,损害了政府公信力和环境保护执法的权威性。我国环境保护行政执行难的根本原因在于环境执法中行政执行力不强。导致执行力不强的原因主要有2个:(1)政府环境责任缺失,表现为地方保护主义存在。地方环保部门受地方政府影响严重,政府对污染企业的态度决定了环保部门对环境污染企业的处理力度。而地方政府往往有意无意的为企业营造宽松的经营环境,极力避免对其严厉处罚。因此,严重影响环境行政执法效果。(2)环保法律法规存在不足。一是环境行政执法手段少、威慑力弱——一般仅能采用罚款。无论是与巴西等国家的环境执法手段相比,还是与国内文化、卫生、工商、消防等其他部门的执法手段相比,我国环境行政执法的处理手段都显得特别软弱。二是环境行政执法需要的时间长——基本的投诉处理时间往往需要半个月以上。三是取证难、举证难——行政相对人变相不配合执法,环境行政执法机关却无能为力。四是非诉强制执行存在困难——时间久、难执行等。要解决环境行政执法中执行力不强的问题,必须从立法上着手。一是从立法上强化政府及其负责人的环保责任。如在法律中增强、规范中央政府和地方政府的环境责任;完善政府绩效考评制度和官员升迁机制;建立以环境公益诉讼为主的公众监督制度等。二是完善环境法律法规。在行政法方面,增设“按日计罚”的处罚手段,增加查封等环境强制执行手段,将停产、停业等环境行政处罚手段的决定权交给环保部门。在环境刑法方面,扩大环境刑法范围,增设“抗拒环境监管罪”,增加环境法的威慑力。
[Abstract]:The legal system of environmental protection in China has been basically established. There are now 21 laws, 37 laws and regulations, 62 departmental laws and regulations, several hundred local laws and regulations, and hundreds of environmental quality standards, involving criminal law, civil law, administrative law and other fields.However, this seemingly complete environmental legal system is hard to execute, which seriously affects the efficiency of environmental protection law enforcement in China, and damages the credibility of the government and the authority of environmental protection law enforcement.The fundamental reason for the difficulty of administrative execution of environmental protection in our country lies in the weak executive power in environmental law enforcement.The main reasons for the lack of executive power are 2: 1) the absence of environmental responsibility of the government, which is manifested by the existence of local protectionism.The local environmental protection department is seriously influenced by the local government, and the attitude of the government towards the polluting enterprise determines the environmental protection department's handling of the environmental pollution enterprise.The local government often intentionally or unintentionally create a loose business environment, and try to avoid severe penalties.Therefore, seriously affect the environmental administrative law enforcement effect. 2) the environmental protection laws and regulations are insufficient.First, environmental administrative law enforcement means less, deterrence is weak-generally can only use fines.Compared with the environmental law enforcement measures of Brazil and other countries, and with the domestic culture, health, industry and commerce, fire enforcement and other departments, the handling means of environmental administrative law enforcement in China are particularly weak.Second, environmental administrative law enforcement needs a long time-basic complaints processing time often takes more than half a month.Third, it is difficult to obtain evidence and prove that the administrative counterpart does not cooperate with law enforcement in disguise, but the environmental administrative law enforcement agency is powerless.Fourth, there are difficulties in enforcement of non-litigation-long time, difficult to enforce and so on.In order to solve the problem of weak executive power in environmental administrative law enforcement, we must start from legislation.First, strengthen the environmental protection responsibility of the government and its responsible person in legislation.Such as strengthening in the law, standardizing the environmental responsibility of the central government and local government, perfecting the government performance evaluation system and the promotion mechanism of officials, establishing the public supervision system with the environmental public interest litigation as the main body, and so on.Second, improve environmental laws and regulations.In the aspect of administrative law, we should add the punishment means of "daily punishment", increase the means of environmental enforcement such as sealing up, and hand over to the environmental protection department the decision of environmental administrative punishment means such as shutdown and shutdown.In the aspect of environmental criminal law, the scope of environmental criminal law should be expanded, the crime of resisting environmental supervision should be added, and the deterrent force of environmental law should be increased.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

【引证文献】