TPP对我国自由贸易协定环境条款的挑战及我国的战略应对

发布时间：2018-05-08 05:40

本文选题：TPP + 环境条款　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来自由贸易协定中涵盖环境条款已经是一种新常态,在多哈回合环境谈判没有进展的情形下,各国开始在双边、多边或区域贸易协定中寻求环境谈判的进一步发展。《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement,简称TPP)环境条款的签订代表着自由贸易协定环境保护高标准的诞生。该协定自成立之初就宣称设置了21世纪最高标准的环境条款,环境章节的内容丰富且具体、强调公众参与、深化环境合作框架、将环境争端纳入贸易争端解决机制。TPP环境条款宣示了当前国际大背景下环境保护条款的发展动向,昭示了国际环境强保护仍在持续增强。中国目前已经签订的自由贸易协定有13个,基本都包括环境条款。但与TPP环境条款相比,存在覆盖范围窄、多为原则性规定,缺乏具体、实质性的内容和约束力。中国自由贸易协定中的环境条款还有很大的进步空间。作为TPP成员国之一的美国,在新任总统特朗普上任后就宣布退出TPP,TPP的前景扑朔迷离。中国目前不是TPP的成员国,短期内其高标准环境条款对中国产生的影响并不明显。从长远来看,中国在未来加入TPP也不是没有可能,即使中国不加入,TPP最终也没有生效,但其环境条款已经成为各国签订自由贸易协定环境章节的参考文本。其环境高标准将给中国的国际贸易、国内企业、环境法律制度带来巨大的挑战。但机遇和挑战并存,中国在应对TPP环境条款带来的挑战时,可以使我国在政治上树立起负责任的大国形象、在战略上实现我国自由贸易区网络的建设、在环境上推动生态文明建设、在经济上促进环境产品和服务贸易。对中国而言,不论是现在还是将来,完善自由贸易协定中的环境条款已经是大势所趋。环境条款也已经成为自由贸易协定谈判中不可或缺的重要内容之一。中国在应对TPP环境挑战,完善自由贸易协定环境条款时,应该做到:首先要坚持设置环境条款的基本原则;其次,要建立环境条款谈判的保障措施;再次,要建立起环境条款的示范文本;最后,要发挥自贸试验区的先行示范作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the inclusion of environmental provisions in free trade agreements has become a new norm, with countries beginning to work bilaterally in the absence of progress in the Doha Round of environmental negotiations. Multilateral or regional trade agreements seek the further development of environmental negotiations. The signing of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement represents the birth of a high standard of environmental protection in free trade agreements. Since its inception, the Agreement has claimed to have set the highest standards of environmental provisions for the twenty-first century, environmental chapters are rich and specific, emphasize public participation and deepen the framework for environmental cooperation, Bringing environmental disputes into trade dispute settlement mechanism. TPP environmental clause declares the development trend of environmental protection clause under the international background and indicates that the strong international environmental protection is still strengthening. China has now signed 13 free trade agreements, basically including environmental provisions. However, compared with the TPP environmental clause, there is a narrow scope of coverage, most of which are principled provisions, and lack of specific, substantive content and binding force. There is still much room for improvement in the environmental provisions of China's free trade agreements. The prospect of the United States, a member of the TPP, having announced its withdrawal from the TPP as soon as the new President Donald Trump took office, is uncertain. China is not currently a member of the TPP, and the impact of its high-standard environmental provisions on China in the short term is not obvious. In the long run, it is not impossible for China to join the TPP in the future. Even if China does not join the TPP, its environmental provisions have become the reference text for the chapters on the environment of free trade agreements. Its high environmental standards will bring great challenges to China's international trade, domestic enterprises and environmental legal system. However, both opportunities and challenges exist. When China is dealing with the challenges brought about by the environmental provisions of TPP, it can make China establish a responsible image of a big country in politics and realize the construction of a network of free trade zones in our country strategically. Promote the construction of ecological civilization in the environment and promote trade in environmental goods and services economically. For China, it is a general trend to perfect the environment clause in free trade agreement now and in the future. Environmental provisions have also become an indispensable part of the negotiation of free trade agreements. In dealing with the environmental challenges of TPP and perfecting the environmental provisions of the Free Trade Agreement, China should: first, adhere to the basic principles of setting up environmental provisions; secondly, establish safeguards for the negotiation of environmental provisions; thirdly, To establish a model text of environmental provisions; finally, to give play to the free trade pilot area of the pilot role.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.295;D922.68

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