27户居民诉庄维建筑公司噪声扰民案法律分析

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:28

本文选题：环境权 + 环境侵权　；参考：《兰州大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为新型的法律部门,环境法在我国已初步形成由宪法、环境法律、环境行政法规和规章、地方性环境法规和规章以及环境保护政策等组成的体系,但目前仍没有统一的噪声排放标准,这给审判工作带来极大困难。通过对本案天通花园小区27户居民诉庄维建筑公司噪声扰民案的法律分析,本文认为法院以原告的环境权益受到严重损害为由,根据《民法通则》第83条的规定,判决被告排除妨害,消除噪声污染,并赔偿原告精神损失200元是正确的。这一做法有利于保护公民的休息权、健康权和环境权。但同时也反映出我国缺少统一的噪声排放标准和部门法内部冲突的问题。噪声污染环境立法不完善是出现上述问题的主要原因,本文由此提出了解决问题的对策。这两个问题的解决对于保障公民的环境权益,保障广大人民的根本利益,具有重大意义。本文共分二章。第一章,案情及法律分析。主要介绍了案情、法律分析,初步探讨了环境侵权构成要件;论述了环境权概念的起源和发展,国外关于环境权的法律规定,国内学者对环境权的讨论及环境侵权不同于一般侵权的特点;介绍了《环境噪声污染防治法》规定的两项制度:事先申报制度和禁止夜间施工制度;提出了对本案争议的焦点、环境侵权司法救济、法律冲突和损害赔偿数额确定的看法。第二章,本案例反映出的问题及解决问题的对策。笔者认为,需要修改并重构“环境噪声污染”定义,在宪法中明文规定环境权,制定《环境政策基本法》,建立起和谐统一的环境法律体系,确定噪声污染的排放标准并使部门内部法律协调一致。建立起和谐统一的法律体系,就要坚持环境立法的科学原则。坚持环境立法的科学原则,有助于产生建设现代化法治国家所需要的高质量的良法,有益于尊重环境立法规律、克服环境立法中的主观随意性和盲目性,也有利于避免或减少错误和失误,降低成本,提高环境立法效率。相信在不远的将来,我国的宪法和环境法律会作出保护公民环境权的明文规定,健全和完善各种环境噪声标准,以更好的保障公民的环境权,实现社会的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:As a new type of legal department, environmental law has initially formed a system of constitution, environmental laws, environmental administrative regulations and rules, local environmental laws and regulations and environmental protection policies in China. However, there is still no uniform noise emission standard, which brings great difficulties to the trial work. Based on the legal analysis of the case of 27 residents of Tiantong Garden District v. Zhuangwei Construction Company, this paper holds that the court, on the basis of the serious damage to the plaintiff's environmental rights and interests, according to the provisions of Article 83 of the General principles of Civil Law, The defendant was correct to rule out obstruction, eliminate noise pollution, and compensate the plaintiff for spiritual loss of $200. This practice helps to protect citizens' right to rest, health and environment. But it also reflects the lack of uniform noise emission standards and internal conflicts of departmental laws. The imperfect legislation of noise pollution environment is the main reason for the above problems, so this paper puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problems. The solution of these two problems is of great significance to the protection of citizens' environmental rights and interests and the fundamental interests of the broad masses of people. This paper is divided into two chapters. Chapter one, case and legal analysis. This paper mainly introduces the case, legal analysis, discusses the constitutive elements of environmental tort, discusses the origin and development of the concept of environmental right, and the foreign legal provisions on environmental right. The discussion of environmental rights and the characteristics of environmental tort are different from those of general tort. This paper introduces the two systems stipulated in the Environmental noise pollution Prevention and Control Law: the prior declaration system and the prohibition of night construction, and puts forward the focus of the dispute in this case. Judicial relief for environmental infringement, conflict of laws and determination of the amount of damages. The second chapter, this case reflects the problem and the solution to the problem. The author thinks that it is necessary to revise and reconstruct the definition of "environmental noise pollution", explicitly stipulate environmental rights in the Constitution, formulate the basic Law of Environmental Policy, and establish a harmonious and unified environmental legal system. Establish emission standards for noise pollution and harmonize departmental laws. To establish a harmonious and unified legal system, we must adhere to the scientific principle of environmental legislation. Adhering to the scientific principle of environmental legislation is conducive to the production of good laws of high quality needed for building a modern country ruled by law, and is conducive to respecting the laws of environmental legislation and overcoming the subjective arbitrariness and blindness in environmental legislation. It also helps to avoid or reduce errors and errors, reduce costs and improve the efficiency of environmental legislation. It is believed that in the near future, the constitution and environmental law of our country will make explicit provisions to protect citizens' environmental rights, perfect and perfect all kinds of environmental noise standards, in order to better protect citizens' environmental rights and realize the harmonious development of society.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】