中日产业废弃物处理法律制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 15:27

本文选题：产业废弃物 + 工业固体废物　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 固体废物处理问题是制约循环经济发展的重要问题,而工业固体废物处理问题又是重中之重。日本作为循环经济立法最为完善的国家之一,其产业废弃物处理的立法体系、管理制度之完备,对我国构建和完善相关制度具有借鉴意义。作为基础性、关键词汇,尽管中日两国有关“废弃物”的法律含义和分类不同,但其指向在本质上是一致的,都是指在生产、消费等社会活动中产生的除放射性物质和被放射性物质污染的物质之外的“垃圾”或“被抛弃的物质”;然,日本采用列举式定义方法将产业废弃物明确分为21类,我国则只采用概括式定义方法,其内涵广于日本产业废弃物,但我国并没有明确工业固体废物的二级分类。“处理”是另一基础性、关键性词汇,笔者认为其是废弃物从产生到最终处分过程中的保管、收集、运输、中间处理和最终处分等多个环节或行为的统称。日本废弃物处理的立法体系以《废弃物处理法》为依托,包括《施行令》、《施行规则》以及其他专项立法和相关的处理标准。在责任分配方面实行“事业者责任”制度,由事业者承担其排放的产业废弃物的处理责任,事业者可以自行处分、也可以委托给产业废弃物处理业者或地方公共团体处分,但都应当遵守严格的保管标准和处理标准;在委托处理的情况下,受托方必须是得到地方公共团体许可的产业废弃物处理业者,并采取产业废弃物管理票实行有效的全过程监管;对于产业废弃物处理设施,通过设施设置许可制度、维持管理公积金制度、改善命令、取消命令等措施加以管理。我国目前的工业固体废物管理立法体系主要是由《固体废弃物污染防治法》及其配套法律法规和技术规范引导的,具体的管理制度主要有标准制度、排污申报登记制度、转移审批制度、危险废物处理的代处置制度、排污收费制度、经营许可证制度和转移联单制度。通过对比两国法律规范体系和具体管理制度两方面,发现我国工业固体废物处理法律制度的主要存在立法体系不完备和具体制度缺位、操作性不强等不足。要完善我国工业固体废物处理法律制度,应当加强工业固体废物管理专门立法,构建完善的立法体系;补充和完善工业固体废物处理的具体法律制度。
[Abstract]:Solid waste treatment is an important problem restricting the development of circular economy, and industrial solid waste treatment is the most important. Japan, as one of the most perfect countries in the legislation of circular economy, has its legislative system and management system of industrial waste disposal, which is of great significance to the construction and improvement of relevant systems in China. As a basic and key word, although the legal meaning and classification of "waste" in China and Japan are different, their points of view are essentially the same, both referring to production. "garbage" or "discarded substances", other than radioactive substances and substances contaminated by radioactive substances, arising from social activities such as consumption; however, Japan uses an enumerative definition method to categorize industrial waste into 21 categories, In China, the definition of industrial solid waste is more extensive than that of Japanese industrial waste, but the secondary classification of industrial solid waste is not clear in China. "disposal" is another basic and key word. The author holds that it is a general term for the custody, collection, transportation, intermediate treatment and final disposal of wastes in the process of producing, collecting, transporting, and so on. The legislative system of waste disposal in Japan is based on the waste disposal Law, including the implementation order, the rules of implementation, and other special legislation and related standards. With regard to the distribution of responsibilities, the institution shall implement the system of "responsibility of the institution", whereby the institution shall assume the responsibility for the disposal of the industrial waste discharged by the institution. The institution may dispose of the waste by itself, or may entrust the disposal of the industrial waste disposal to the industrial waste disposal operator or the local public organization. However, they should abide by strict standards of custody and treatment; in the case of entrustment, the trustee must be an industrial waste disposal operator licensed by a local public organization, The industrial waste management ticket is adopted to carry out effective whole process supervision, and the industrial waste disposal facilities are managed through the establishment of the permit system, the maintenance of the management accumulation fund system, the improvement of the order, the cancellation of the order, and so on. The current legislative system of industrial solid waste management in China is mainly guided by the "Law on Prevention and Control of pollution from solid waste" and its supporting laws, regulations and technical norms. The specific management systems mainly include the standard system, the system of declaration and registration of sewage discharge. Transfer approval system, hazardous waste disposal system, sewage charge system, operating permit system and transfer list system. By comparing the legal system and the concrete management system of the two countries, it is found that the main legal system of industrial solid waste disposal in our country is not perfect, the concrete system is absent, and the operation is not strong, and so on. In order to perfect the legal system of industrial solid waste treatment, we should strengthen the special legislation on industrial solid waste management, construct a perfect legislative system, and supplement and perfect the specific legal system of industrial solid waste disposal.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D912.6

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