我国环保非政府组织的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:16

本文选题：环保非政府组织 + 法律地位　；参考：《重庆大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：在过去的几十年里,我国曾经单纯地依赖于政府、市场来解决环境破坏,可是越演越烈的环境问题却暴露出政府和市场的失灵。于是,在我国宪法保障的结社权基础上,人们试图通过结社来解决环境破坏这样的社会公共问题。因此环保非政府组织在环境发展的客观需求下孕育而生,并与生俱有非政府性、非营利性、自治性等特点。基于这些特点,环保非政府组织自产生之初就在环保舞台上扮演着重要的角色,在弥补政府、市场失灵,维护公民环境权益,整合社会资源等方面的作用不断被社会大众所认同。环保非政府组织要想健康的发展,必然离不开法律的保障。随着我国社会转型,在旧体制下制定的法律法规束缚了环保非政府组织的发展,不能满足公众日益增长的环境利益诉求。本文通过查找目前我国环保非政府组织存在的主要问题,分析产生这些问题的法律制度原因,最后提出完善相关制度的建议,希望给我国环保非政府组织的健康发展创建一个良好的法制环境。本文的第一部分概述了环保非政府组织的定义、特征、分类、发展历程和作用,意在于对相关概念有清晰的了解和认识。第二部分提出问题,我国的环保非政府组织在发展过程中主要存在独立性较弱、法律地位不明确、资金缺乏、权利受限、社会公信力较低等问题。第三部分分析原因,按照立法层次、行政管理体制、财政税收制度、权利保障制度、监督制度的顺序对我国现行法律制度进行探析,厘清了阻碍我国环保非政府组织发展的制度缺陷。第四部分是文章的重点——即解决问题的部分,通过借鉴国外环保非政府组织相关法律制度设定上的经验,并结合我国国情,提出完善我国相关法律制度的若干建议。在立法层次上,必须制定非政府组织管理的基本法;在管理模式上,改进双重管理模式,建立自愿登记,严格监管的模式;在资金筹集上,加大财政支持力度,加强税收优惠的可操作性;在权利保障上,强化和拓展环境信息公开制度、完善参与制度、建立环境公益诉讼制度;最后在监督上,加强内外双重监督,在外注重政府监督增加第三方评估监督和行业监督,在内注重董事会监督加强监事会监督。因为资源等其他因素的限制,文章只就某些法律制度的缺陷提出了一些建议,并没有穷尽,但是相信随着法制文明的不断推进,环保非政府组织相关法律制度也会得到不断完善,环保非政府组织也将发挥更大的作用。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, our country once relied on the government simply, the market to solve the environmental damage, but the more and more serious environmental problems exposed the government and the market failure. Therefore, on the basis of the right of association guaranteed by our Constitution, people try to solve such social and public problems as environmental damage through association. Therefore, environmental non-governmental organizations are born under the objective needs of environmental development, and have the characteristics of non-governmental, non-profit, autonomous and so on. Based on these characteristics, environmental non-governmental organizations have played an important role in the stage of environmental protection since their inception, making up for the failure of the government and the market, and safeguarding citizens' environmental rights and interests. Integration of social resources and other aspects of the role of the community has been recognized by the public. Environmental non-governmental organizations must be protected by law if they want to develop healthily. With the social transformation of our country, the laws and regulations formulated under the old system have restricted the development of environmental protection non-governmental organizations, and can not meet the increasing demands of the public for environmental interests. By looking up the main problems existing in the environmental protection NGOs in our country, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems, and finally puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the relevant systems. We hope to create a good legal environment for the healthy development of environmental non-governmental organizations in our country. The first part of this paper summarizes the definition, characteristics, classification, development process and function of environmental non-governmental organizations, which means to have a clear understanding and understanding of related concepts. The second part puts forward some problems, such as weak independence, unclear legal status, lack of funds, limited rights, low public trust and so on. The third part analyzes the reasons, according to the legislative level, the administrative system, the financial and tax system, the right protection system, the supervision system to analyze the current legal system of our country. It clarifies the institutional defects that hinder the development of environmental non-governmental organizations in China. The fourth part is the focal point of the article-that is, the part of solving the problem. By learning from the experience of setting up the relevant legal system of foreign environmental protection non-governmental organizations and combining the national conditions of our country, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the relevant legal system of our country. At the legislative level, it is necessary to formulate a basic law on the management of non-governmental organizations; to improve the mode of dual management, to establish a model of voluntary registration and strict supervision; and to increase financial support for raising funds. Strengthening the operability of tax preferences; strengthening and expanding the environmental information disclosure system, perfecting the participation system, establishing the environmental public interest litigation system in terms of the protection of rights; finally, strengthening both internal and external supervision in terms of supervision, Government supervision should be paid attention to, third party evaluation supervision and industry supervision should be increased, and board of directors supervision should be strengthened. Because of the limitations of resources and other factors, the article only puts forward some suggestions on the defects of some legal systems, but it is believed that with the continuous advancement of the legal system civilization, Environmental non-governmental organizations will also continue to improve the relevant legal system, environmental non-governmental organizations will also play a greater role.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.182.1;C912.2

【参考文献】