我国环境污染侵权归责原则之反思与重构

发布时间：2018-06-09 03:24

本文选题：环境侵权 + 归责原则　；参考：《山西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的不断发展,现实中因环境污染导致的侵权案件时有发生,层出不穷。在环境污染案件中,最关键的问题便是归责原则。不同的归责原则决定了侵权行为所具有的不同的构成要件、免责事由、举证责任等,因此,对环境侵权归责原则的研究起着基础性的作用。自我国《民法通则》颁布实施以来,国家先后出台了—系列关于环境问题的法律规定,如之后的《环境保护法》、环境单行法律、《物权法》、《侵权责任法》均对环境污染归责原则做出了规定。但各法律间存在不少矛盾和冲突,学术界也争议颇大,审判实践中也存在适用法律标准不一的情形。本文旨在将污染在环境学基础上,将其科学分类,并参照外国的相关理论,将不同污染类型分别适用不同归责原则,并提出合理的建议来修正我国当前法律规定中存在的诸多不足和缺陷,以实现法条之间的协调统一,彻底解决之前因立法混乱而导致的司法实践中标准不一,参差不齐。具体来说,本文拟解决的关键问题是：一是科学界定“环境污染”的具体类型；二是通过分析国内外相关理论,并结合我国学者的最新研究动态,指出我国现行立法关于环境侵权归责原则的规定中存在的问题；三是提出完善《物权法》和《侵权责任法》相关法条的建议。在完成本文时使用的研究方法有：通过文献分析法,查阅相关文献,对环境污染侵权的归责原则有了更深入的了解；通过历史分析法,即从环境污染侵权归责原则的历史发展与变迁中提出自己的观点；通过比较分析法,即对国外主要国家关于环境污染侵权的归责原则的规定进行研究,借鉴国外的合理规定；通过实证分析法,研究我国立法现状,指出相关法律中存在的矛盾,并提出完善法条的建议。本文内容共分为六大部分：第一部分是问题的提出。指出环境污染侵权归责原则在我国立法领域、学术领域、司法领域三大层面上的争议。第二部分概述了环境污染侵权归责原则的历史演进。首先是界定侵权中归责原则这一抽象概念,其次论述了环境污染侵权归责原则理论的历史变迁。第三部分概述了域外有关环境污染侵权归责原则的立法现状。具体研究了大陆法系国家环境污染侵权之归责原则和英美法系国家环境污染侵权归责原则。第四部分是对我国环境污染侵权归责原则之反思。指出我国环境侵权归责原则存在的问题并分析其问题出现的深层原因。第五部分是对我国环境污染侵权归责原则之重构。其一,科学划分环境污染类型；其二,区分环境污染类型的意义；其三,不同污染类型应采用的具体归责原则；其四,提出完善我国相关法条的建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, tort cases caused by environmental pollution occur frequently. In environmental pollution cases, the most critical issue is the principle of imputation. Different principles of imputation determine the different constitutive elements, the reasons of exemption, the burden of proof and so on. Therefore, the research on the principle of imputation of environmental tort plays a fundamental role. Since the promulgation and implementation of the General principles of Civil Law in China, the state has successively issued a series of laws and regulations on environmental issues. For example, environmental protection law, environmental law, real right law and tort liability law all stipulate the principle of imputation of environmental pollution. However, there are many contradictions and conflicts among the laws, the academic circles are also quite controversial, and there are different legal standards in trial practice. The purpose of this paper is to classify pollution scientifically on the basis of environmental science and to apply different imputation principles to different pollution types according to the relevant theories of foreign countries. And put forward reasonable suggestions to correct the current legal provisions of many deficiencies and defects in order to achieve the harmonization between the provisions of the law, thoroughly solve the previous legislative confusion caused by different standards in judicial practice, uneven. Specifically, the key problems to be solved in this paper are: first, to scientifically define the specific types of "environmental pollution"; second, to analyze the relevant theories at home and abroad, and to combine with the latest research trends of Chinese scholars. The article points out the problems existing in the regulation of the principle of imputation of environmental tort in the current legislation of our country, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the relevant articles of the Law of Real right and the Law of Tort liability. The research methods used in this paper are as follows: through literature analysis, consulting relevant documents, we have a deeper understanding of the principle of imputation of environmental pollution infringement; through historical analysis, That is, from the historical development and changes of the principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort, the author puts forward his own point of view, through comparative analysis, studies the provisions of the principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort in foreign countries, and draws lessons from the reasonable provisions of foreign countries. Through the empirical analysis, this paper studies the current situation of our country's legislation, points out the contradictions existing in the relevant laws, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the articles of law. The content of this paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the question. It points out that the principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort is controversial in three levels: legislation, academic and judicial. The second part summarizes the historical evolution of environmental pollution tort imputation principle. Firstly, it defines the abstract concept of imputation principle in tort, and then discusses the historical change of the theory of imputation principle of environmental pollution tort. The third part summarizes the status of legislation on the principle of imputation of environmental pollution infringement. The principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort in civil law system and the imputation principle of environmental pollution tort in Anglo-American law system are studied in detail. The fourth part is the reflection on the principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort in China. This paper points out the problems existing in the principle of imputation of environmental tort in China and analyzes the deep causes of the problems. The fifth part is the reconstruction of the principle of imputation of environmental pollution tort in China. First, scientific classification of the types of environmental pollution; second, the significance of distinguishing the types of environmental pollution; third, different types of pollution should adopt specific imputation principles; fourth, put forward suggestions to improve the relevant laws of our country.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D922.68

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