危机与变革—环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 01:18

本文选题：环境纠纷 + 公众参与　；参考：《太原科技大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 环境污染越来越成为社会不满的导火线,群体性环境事件频发,甚至引发暴力冲突。面对环境纠纷,通过诉讼解决纠纷存在诸多困境,根源在于传统的纠纷处理机制构建在人——人之间产生的纠纷基础上,而环境纠纷的处理机制需要构建在人——环境——人的基础上。如何构建适应环境纠纷的非诉讼处理机制,成为预防和处理纠纷的必然。首先,与传统的民事纠纷相比,环境纠纷具有主体的不平等性、涉及利益的复杂性、纠纷发生的滞后性以及信息的不对称性的特点;政策的失灵、市场的失灵及公众环保意识的缺失是环境纠纷发生的深层次原因;公民环境权益、公众参与权益以及环境纠纷的预防是环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制的法理基础。本文通过对环境纠纷的特性及其法理基础的分析,为构建适应环境纠纷的非诉讼处理机制奠定坚实的理论基础。其次,通过对美国、日本的非诉讼处理制度及其实践的考察,美国ADR制度具有以下特点:灵活多样的程序便于当事人选择;亲自参与决策实现纠纷处理双赢;民间团体参与纠纷解决实现公众参与;环境纠纷解决ADR由个案走向制度化。日本环境纠纷非诉讼处理法律具有以下特点:法律体系系统完备;证据收集真实可靠;机构设置专业合理;行政机构相互合作。在我国环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制的构建中,美日理论与实践中的先进经验可以为我们所借鉴。最后,主要对我国环境纠纷非诉讼处理方式及其存在的缺陷进行了分析,提出了我国环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制的完善建议。从观念上看:环境纠纷的非诉讼处理方式存在观念上的障碍;从法律效力看:环境纠纷非诉讼处理的法律效力不明确;从公正角度看:环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制的公正性难以得到保障;从纠纷解决体系看:未形成多元、系统的环境纠纷非诉讼处理机制。提出了健全环境纠纷非诉讼处理立法、明确环境纠纷的非诉讼处理机构、建立系统多元的环境纠纷处理方式和建立环境纠纷的非诉讼处理支持系统的建议。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution has increasingly become the cause of social discontent. Mass environmental incidents occur frequently and even lead to violent conflicts. In the face of environmental disputes, there are many difficulties in resolving disputes through litigation, the root of which is that the traditional dispute resolution mechanism is based on the disputes between human beings. The settlement mechanism of environmental disputes needs to be built on the basis of human-environment-human. How to construct a non-litigation mechanism to deal with environmental disputes has become a necessity to prevent and deal with disputes. Firstly, compared with the traditional civil disputes, environmental disputes have the inequality of the subject and the complexity of the interests involved. The lag of disputes and the asymmetry of information, the failure of policy, the failure of market and the lack of public awareness of environmental protection are the deep-seated reasons for the occurrence of environmental disputes. Public participation and prevention of environmental disputes are the legal basis of non-litigation mechanism of environmental disputes. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of environmental disputes and their legal basis, this paper lays a solid theoretical foundation for the construction of a non-litigation mechanism for dealing with environmental disputes. Secondly, through the investigation of the non-litigation system and its practice in the United States and Japan, American ADR system has the following characteristics: flexible and diverse procedures to facilitate the parties to choose; personal participation in decision-making to achieve win-win dispute resolution; civil society participation in dispute resolution to achieve public participation; environmental dispute settlement ADR from case to system. The non-litigation law of environmental disputes in Japan has the following characteristics: complete legal system, truthful and reliable evidence collection, reasonable organization setting, and cooperation between administrative agencies. In the construction of non-litigation mechanism of environmental disputes in China, the advanced experience in the theory and practice of the United States and Japan can be used for reference. Some suggestions on how to improve the non-litigation mechanism of environmental disputes in China are put forward. From the point of view of concept, there are some obstacles in the way of non-litigation of environmental dispute, the legal effect of non-litigation of environmental dispute is not clear, and the legal effect of non-litigation of environmental dispute is not clear. From the perspective of justice, it is difficult to guarantee the fairness of non-litigation mechanism of environmental disputes, and from the point of view of dispute resolution system, there is no pluralistic and systematic non-litigation mechanism of environmental disputes. The paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the legislation of non-litigation handling of environmental disputes, to clarify the non-litigation organization of environmental disputes, to establish systematic and pluralistic ways of dealing with environmental disputes and to establish a non-litigation support system for environmental disputes.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

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