秸秆焚烧治理的法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:14

本文选题：焚烧秸秆 + 制度　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，大量的秸秆被废弃、就地焚烧，产生了严重的秸秆焚烧问题。焚烧秸秆，会造成污染环境、浪费资源以及危害公共交通安全等危害。因此，我国政府高度重视秸秆焚烧的治理问题，出台了一系列禁止秸秆焚烧的法律文件，制定相关秸秆禁烧和综合利用的法律制度，通过行政执法严密监管。但是秸秆焚烧的现象始终没有得到控制，反而有愈演愈烈之势。究其原因，有三个方面，一方面现有的禁烧法律法规不健全，规范秸秆焚烧的法律位阶不高，地方秸秆禁烧的法律规定存在不科学、缺乏实施细则等问题；第二，现有的秸秆禁烧法律制度设计存在不合理性。秸秆是农民自己农田的产物，是农民的私有物，农民自然拥有对秸秆的所有权，禁止农民焚烧秸秆是对农民个人权利的一种限制，，焚烧治理实际上是如何处理公共利益与个人权利的冲突的问题，而根据我国宪法的立法精神，国家和政府可以基于公共利益的需要对个人权利的行使进行必要的限制和约束，但是国家应当做出合理的补偿。而反观我国的禁烧法律制度，只是规定了禁止农民进行秸秆的焚烧和相应的不利后果，却没有规定任何的补偿措施，该法律制度的设计存在不合理性；最后，我国虽然大力推广秸秆的综合利用，意图通过秸秆的综合利用解决焚烧问题，但是秸秆的综合利用大大增加了农民处理秸秆的成本。政府一味的禁烧和推广综合利用，实际上是将政府维护环境利益和公共利益的成本转嫁到农民的头上，这样的制度自然很难被农民接纳。因此，要解决秸秆焚烧的问题，需要健全禁烧法律措施，并且在此基础上通过对农民进行补贴的方式构建秸秆综合利用补偿制度，一方面补偿农民因限制个人权利受到的损失，另一方面分担农民因综合利用秸秆而增加的成本。只有这样，才能最终解决秸秆焚烧的问题，控制秸秆的焚烧。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of straw has been abandoned and incinerated in situ, resulting in a serious problem of straw burning. Burning straw will pollute the environment, waste resources and endanger the safety of public transportation. Therefore, our government attaches great importance to the treatment of straw burning, has issued a series of legal documents prohibiting straw burning, formulated the relevant straw burning and comprehensive use of the legal system, through the administrative law enforcement strict supervision. But the phenomenon of straw burning has not been controlled, but has intensified. There are three reasons for this: on the one hand, the existing laws and regulations on the prohibition of burning are not perfect, the legal rank of standardizing the burning of straw is not high, the legal provisions of banning burning of local straw are unscientific and lack of detailed rules of implementation, and so on; second, The existing legal system design of straw burning ban is unreasonable. Straw is the product of farmers' own farmland and the private property of farmers. Farmers naturally own the ownership of straw. Prohibiting farmers from burning straw is a restriction on the individual rights of farmers. In fact, how to deal with the conflict between public interest and individual rights is how to deal with the governance of burning. According to the legislative spirit of our constitution, the state and government can restrict and restrict the exercise of individual rights on the basis of the need of public interest. But the state should make reasonable compensation. On the other hand, the legal system of banning burning of straw in our country only stipulates the prohibition of burning straw and the corresponding adverse consequences, but does not provide any compensation measures, the design of the legal system is unreasonable; finally, Although the comprehensive utilization of straw is popularized in our country, it is intended to solve the burning problem through the comprehensive utilization of straw, but the comprehensive utilization of straw has greatly increased the cost of handling straw by farmers. The government blindly prohibits burning and popularizes the comprehensive utilization, in fact, it is transferring the cost of the government to protect the environment benefit and the public interest to the farmer's head, such system is very difficult to accept by the farmer naturally. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of straw burning, it is necessary to perfect the legal measures to ban burning, and on this basis, through the way of subsidies to farmers to build a comprehensive straw utilization compensation system, on the one hand, to compensate farmers for the loss due to the restriction of individual rights. On the other hand, farmers share the cost of comprehensive utilization of straw. Only in this way, can we solve the problem of straw burning and control the burning of straw.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.6

【参考文献】