野生动物保护与利用的法律规制探析

发布时间：2018-11-21 17:44

【摘要】：本文以现实生活中不当利用野生动物所引发的社会讨论为起点，分析我国现有法律制度中关于野生动物保护与利用的规定。我国在野生动物立法目的上仍未形成统一认识，所构建的制度显得或僵硬而封闭，或笼统而权利义务边界不清晰。具体表现包括：法律回避了对“野生动物”的界定，限制了野生动物评级的公众参与，模糊了政府在野生动物保护与利用各环节中的义务。在这种制度设计之下的产业化结果，形成的是众多既不利于野生动物保护、也不利于其利用的产业链，，它们盘根错节，严重违背了可持续发展的原则。另一方面，美国、日本两国以实现国民对野生动物的利益为目的，以激活相关产业间的联动、促成产业链的整合为基础的制度设计，极大地促进了其本国野生动物保护事务的发展，野生动物得到恢复的同时人们也可以充分享受野生动物所带来的利益。在分析美国和日本的野生动物保护与利用的相关法律之后，总结出两国为促进其本国产业发展的制度规定。相比之下，我国历史上对于野生动物就具有兼顾保护与利用的传统，借鉴美国和日本的制度设计，将有利于我国的野生动物保护与利用实现良性发展。因此，我国的野生动物保护与利用的出路在于重新梳理野生动物的立法目的，以实现人类社会能够平等享受野生动物所带来的利益作为制度设计的起点与目标，基于市场规律构建与完善相关机制，落实法律在稀缺性的解决之上。重点围绕物种濒危程度的评级制度、产业的激励制度、政府信息的披露制度、处罚制度等四个方面的制度完善，并逐步建立以实现人类利益最大化为目标的产业博弈机制。
[Abstract]:Based on the social discussion on the improper use of wild animals in real life, this paper analyzes the regulations on the protection and utilization of wild animals in China's existing legal system. There is still no unified understanding on the legislative purpose of wildlife in our country, and the system constructed appears to be rigid and closed, or general, but the boundary of rights and obligations is not clear. The specific manifestations include: the law avoids the definition of "wildlife", limits the public participation in wildlife rating, and obscures the obligations of the government in all aspects of wildlife protection and utilization. The result of industrialization under the design of this system is that many industrial chains which are not conducive to the protection of wild animals nor to their utilization are seriously violated by the principle of sustainable development. On the other hand, the two countries, the United States and Japan, are designed to realize the interests of the people in wildlife, to activate the linkage between related industries, and to promote the integration of the industrial chain as the basis of the system design. It has greatly promoted the development of wildlife protection in our country, and people can also fully enjoy the benefits brought by wild animals while the wildlife has been restored. After analyzing the relevant laws of the United States and Japan on the protection and utilization of wild animals, this paper summarizes the regulations of the two countries to promote the development of their own industries. In contrast, in the history of our country, there is a tradition of taking into account the protection and utilization of wild animals. Drawing lessons from the institutional design of the United States and Japan, it will be beneficial to the protection and utilization of wild animals in China to achieve a sound development. Therefore, the way out for the protection and utilization of wildlife in our country lies in rearranging the legislative purpose of wildlife in order to realize that the human society can equally enjoy the benefits brought by wild animals as the starting point and goal of the system design. Based on the law of the market to build and improve the relevant mechanisms, the implementation of the law on the solution of scarcity. It focuses on the perfection of the system of rating the degree of endangered species, the incentive system of industry, the system of disclosure of government information and the system of punishment, and gradually establishes an industrial game mechanism aiming at maximizing human interests.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.68

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