宁夏湿地保护立法研究
发布时间：2018-12-06 10:38
【摘要】：湿地是一种特殊类型土地资源,是全球三大生态系统(森林和海洋)之一,也是地球水域和陆地间过渡的生态系统。它在调节气候、调蓄洪水、保护生物多样性、提供高生物产量、提供人类居住旅游环境、提供学者科学考察基地等方面都具有十分重要的意义。长期以来,伴随人类对湿地认识的逐步深入,如何合理利用湿地资源,保障湿地环境可持续发展,越来越受到各国政府和研究机构的普遍关注。 据全国湿地普查公告显示,我国湿地面积为6594万公顷,居亚洲第一、世界第四位。我国是世界上湿地类型齐全、数量较多的国家之一,近些年来,湿地保护越来越被各级政府和部门重视。目前,我国己有大约40%的自然湿地被纳入了自然保护区范围之中,得到了法律的保护。但是在大部分湿地生态区域,由于长期存在着对湿地生态功能的认识不足、湿地保护意识的低下、湿地管理方式陈旧、湿地监管机关的职权不明和执法不力、开发利用湿地的手段和方式的错误等问题,我国湿地生态系统的总体状况仍然不容乐观,湿地生态环境问题未能得到根本遏制。 宁夏现有湿地25.6万公顷,占宁夏国土面积的5%。但是由于对湿地的认识和保护不足,重视不够,政策失衡,法制不健全,管理体制不顺,资金投入不足,管理力度不够以及湿地过度开发等原因,造成湿地的保护利用不合理。因此,宁夏湿地的保护工作变得必要和紧迫。本文立足我国及宁夏湿地管理和保护现状,剖析宁夏湿地面临的严重威胁,在此基础上提出宁夏湿地保护的立法对策。在立法方面,本文针对目前湿地保护立法状况,提出尽快出台全国湿地保护法,完善《宁夏回族自治区湿地保护条例》,出台《宁夏回族自治区湿地保护条例实施细则》。在执法方面,本文提出湿地保护的经费来源与管理;完善湿地违法处罚方式,加大湿地违法成本;湿地保护区的建立和科学管理;加强湿地保护的宣传教育工作,增强公民湿地保护意识。此外,建立健全湿地保护生态补偿机制,加强湿地保护的公众参与制度。
[Abstract]:Wetland is a special type of land resource. It is one of the three major ecosystems (forest and ocean) in the world, and it is also a transitional ecosystem between the water and land of the earth. It is of great significance in regulating climate, regulating flood, protecting biodiversity, providing high biological yield, providing human living tourism environment, providing scientific investigation base of scholars and so on. For a long time, with the gradual deepening of human understanding of wetland, how to make rational use of wetland resources and ensure the sustainable development of wetland environment has been paid more and more attention by governments and research institutions. According to the announcement of the National Wetland Survey, China has a wetland area of 65.94 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. China is one of the countries with many wetland types in the world. In recent years, the protection of wetlands has been paid more and more attention by governments and departments at all levels. At present, about 40% of the natural wetlands in China have been included in the scope of nature reserves and protected by law. However, in most wetland ecological areas, because of the long-term lack of understanding of wetland ecological function, the low awareness of wetland protection, the obsolete wetland management, the unclear functions and powers of wetland regulatory bodies and the weak enforcement of the law, The general situation of wetland ecosystem in China is still not optimistic, and the problem of wetland ecological environment can not be contained fundamentally. Ningxia has 256000 hectares of wetlands, accounting for 5 of Ningxia's land area. However, due to the insufficient understanding and protection of wetlands, insufficient attention to the policy imbalance, imperfect legal system, bad management system, insufficient investment in funds, insufficient management efforts and excessive exploitation of wetlands, the protection and utilization of wetlands is unreasonable. Therefore, the protection work of Ningxia wetland becomes necessary and urgent. Based on the present situation of wetland management and protection in China and Ningxia, this paper analyzes the serious threats faced by Ningxia wetland, and puts forward legislative countermeasures for wetland protection in Ningxia. In the aspect of legislation, according to the current situation of wetland protection legislation, this paper puts forward that the national wetland protection law should be issued as soon as possible, the regulations on wetland protection of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be perfected, and the rules for the implementation of the regulations on wetland protection in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be issued. In the aspect of law enforcement, this paper puts forward the source of funds and management of wetland protection, perfecting the punishment mode of wetland violation, increasing the illegal cost of wetland, establishing and scientific management of wetland protection area; Strengthen the work of propaganda and education on wetland protection and enhance citizens' awareness of wetland protection. In addition, establish and perfect wetland protection ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen wetland protection public participation system.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X37;D922.68
本文编号：2365903
[Abstract]:Wetland is a special type of land resource. It is one of the three major ecosystems (forest and ocean) in the world, and it is also a transitional ecosystem between the water and land of the earth. It is of great significance in regulating climate, regulating flood, protecting biodiversity, providing high biological yield, providing human living tourism environment, providing scientific investigation base of scholars and so on. For a long time, with the gradual deepening of human understanding of wetland, how to make rational use of wetland resources and ensure the sustainable development of wetland environment has been paid more and more attention by governments and research institutions. According to the announcement of the National Wetland Survey, China has a wetland area of 65.94 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. China is one of the countries with many wetland types in the world. In recent years, the protection of wetlands has been paid more and more attention by governments and departments at all levels. At present, about 40% of the natural wetlands in China have been included in the scope of nature reserves and protected by law. However, in most wetland ecological areas, because of the long-term lack of understanding of wetland ecological function, the low awareness of wetland protection, the obsolete wetland management, the unclear functions and powers of wetland regulatory bodies and the weak enforcement of the law, The general situation of wetland ecosystem in China is still not optimistic, and the problem of wetland ecological environment can not be contained fundamentally. Ningxia has 256000 hectares of wetlands, accounting for 5 of Ningxia's land area. However, due to the insufficient understanding and protection of wetlands, insufficient attention to the policy imbalance, imperfect legal system, bad management system, insufficient investment in funds, insufficient management efforts and excessive exploitation of wetlands, the protection and utilization of wetlands is unreasonable. Therefore, the protection work of Ningxia wetland becomes necessary and urgent. Based on the present situation of wetland management and protection in China and Ningxia, this paper analyzes the serious threats faced by Ningxia wetland, and puts forward legislative countermeasures for wetland protection in Ningxia. In the aspect of legislation, according to the current situation of wetland protection legislation, this paper puts forward that the national wetland protection law should be issued as soon as possible, the regulations on wetland protection of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be perfected, and the rules for the implementation of the regulations on wetland protection in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be issued. In the aspect of law enforcement, this paper puts forward the source of funds and management of wetland protection, perfecting the punishment mode of wetland violation, increasing the illegal cost of wetland, establishing and scientific management of wetland protection area; Strengthen the work of propaganda and education on wetland protection and enhance citizens' awareness of wetland protection. In addition, establish and perfect wetland protection ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen wetland protection public participation system.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X37;D922.68
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