休闲农业发展的环境法规建设研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 00:44

【摘要】：休闲农业是一个方兴未艾的朝阳产业。伴随着经济的快速发展和城市化的加速推进,城市环境恶化,各种“现代文明病”凸显,城市中的人们深受困扰,回归自然、舒缓身心成为内心诉求。休闲农业以其清新的自然风光、多彩的农耕文化、质朴的乡风民俗,既满足了城市居民休闲旅游的身心需求,又是作为调整农业结构、促进农民增收、发展农村经济的重要手段,受到我国各级政府的高度重视,得以快速发展。但在休闲农业项目开发的实践过程中,出现了资源破坏和生态污染等诸多问题,亟须环境理论引导和法律规范。现今,休闲农业立法引起人们的普遍关注,但在这一领域的研究尚属空白,探讨休闲农业环境方面的法律制度建设不仅有重要的理论意义,更具有重要的现实价值。本研究以可持续发展理论、环境法学理论研究为依据,基于生态环境视角,探讨休闲农业发展的环境法规建设问题。为此,采用文献研究的方法,综合运用旅游学、生态学、环境法学等相关理论对休闲农业环境法规缺失问题进行论述。通过对收集资料的详细分析,结合休闲农业产业发展实践,本研究认为休闲农业发展在项目开发、农业生产、资源利用、景区环境建设等方面存在诸多问题,环境损害呈现四大特点：一是损害潜伏长,二是损害历时久,三是损害范围广,四是损害治理难。现有的环境法律体系在休闲农业环境保护的诸多方面无法发挥有效作用。案例分析发现,休闲农业环境保护法规的完善程度与产业良性发展密切相关。继而通过对美、德、日等国以及我国台湾地区在休闲农业环境保护方面的法律保障情况进行比较研究,表明世界上休闲农业发展取得较大成功的国家和地区无一不重视休闲农业环境法制建设,法律杠杆在保护休闲农业的生态资源、协调经济利益与环境效益的关系上发挥着积极作用,这充分说明了休闲农业环境法规建设的重要性。由此本研究提出若干建议希望有益于我国休闲农业环境法规建设。比如,统一休闲农业环境管理、制定休闲农业环境保护的专门法律篇章、加大休闲农业环境执法力度、完善环境保护的法律监督、健全休闲农业环境保护的配套制度,包括严格行业准入制度、建立资源有偿使用制度、组建农村环保的非政府组织制度等。
[Abstract]:Leisure agriculture is a rising sun industry. With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the urban environment is deteriorating, and all kinds of "modern civilization diseases" are highlighted. People in the city are deeply troubled, return to nature, and ease body and mind become the inner appeal. Leisure agriculture, with its fresh natural scenery, colorful farming culture and simple folk customs, not only meets the physical and mental needs of urban residents in leisure tourism, but also adjusts the agricultural structure and promotes the increase of farmers' income. The important means of developing rural economy has been attached great importance to by our government at all levels and developed rapidly. However, in the course of the development of leisure agriculture project, there are many problems, such as the destruction of resources and ecological pollution, which urgently need to be guided by environmental theory and regulated by law. Nowadays, people pay more attention to the legislation of leisure agriculture, but the research in this field is still blank. It is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of practical value to explore the construction of legal system in the field of leisure agriculture. Based on the theory of sustainable development and the theory of environmental law, this paper discusses the construction of environmental laws and regulations for the development of leisure agriculture from the perspective of ecological environment. Therefore, the lack of environmental laws and regulations in leisure agriculture is discussed by using the relevant theories of tourism, ecology, environmental law and so on. Through the detailed analysis of the collected data and the practice of the development of leisure agriculture industry, this study considers that there are many problems in the development of leisure agriculture in the aspects of project development, agricultural production, resource utilization, scenic area environmental construction, etc. There are four main characteristics of environmental damage: one is the latent length of the damage, the other is the long duration of the damage, the third is the wide range of damage, and the fourth is the difficulty of damage management. The existing environmental legal system can not play an effective role in many aspects of environmental protection of leisure agriculture. Case study shows that the perfection of environmental protection laws of leisure agriculture is closely related to the benign development of industry. And then through the comparative study of the legal protection of leisure agriculture in the United States, Germany, Japan and Taiwan, It shows that all the countries and regions in the world that have achieved great success in the development of leisure agriculture pay attention to the construction of environmental legal system of leisure agriculture, and the legal lever is to protect the ecological resources of leisure agriculture. Coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and environmental benefits plays an active role, which fully explains the importance of the construction of environmental laws and regulations for leisure agriculture. Therefore, some suggestions are put forward in this study in the hope that it will be beneficial to the construction of environmental laws and regulations for leisure agriculture in China. For example, to unify the management of the leisure agricultural environment, to formulate a special legal chapter on the protection of the environment of leisure agriculture, to increase the enforcement of the law on the environment of leisure agriculture, to improve the legal supervision of environmental protection, and to improve the supporting system for the protection of the environment of the leisure agriculture. Including strict industry access system, the establishment of the system of paid use of resources, the establishment of rural environmental protection non-governmental organization system.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68;F323.4

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