我国预防草原荒漠化的法律问题研究
发布时间：2019-05-15 01:41
【摘要】：草原荒漠化是人类面临的主要生态环境问题之一。我国草原的总面积仅次于澳大利亚,位居世界第二位,是我国生态环境建设的重点区域;同时也对保护我国生物多样性,以及促进我国经济建设和社会的可持续发展都有着极其重大的生态功能和经济意义。然而,我国也是世界上受草原荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一。荒漠化问题正逐渐危害人类的居住环境以及身体健康,危及经济的可持续发展以及社会的稳定。目前,我国草原荒漠化问题凸显,具体表现在立法、执法以及相关制度不完善三个方面。具体来看:在立法方面,草原荒漠化预防措施的法律规定存在内容缺乏可操作性、立法质量不高、法律体系内容存在冲突的问题。在执法方面,我国对草原的保护力度不强,执法人员法制观念落后、管理水平低下,监管工作管理缺位。在相关制度的构建方面,缺乏草原荒漠化治理的专项资金保障制度,生态补偿制度不健全、专项补偿资金不足,草原管理主体单一以及草原荒漠化管理机制不健全。通过研究美国、澳大利亚、以色列的草原荒漠化预防法律制度,我国预防草原荒漠化法律制度的完善可从以下三个方面构建:在立法方面,一是梳理相关法律规定之间的关系,避免立法冲突;二是通过增加对法律条文的法律解释、整合现行法律结构完善《防治沙治化》的相关法律规定;三是完善草原荒漠化预防的地方性法规和规章。在执法方面,一是严格执行相关法律规定,依法执法;二是提高执法部门的法律意识,提高草原荒漠化预防工作的管理水平;三是通过加强监管机构之间的联系与协调提高草原监管机构的监管质量。在完善相关制度方面,一是通过借鉴国外草原荒漠化监管经验,加大我国草原荒漠化工作的资金投入,同时严格按照资金用途合理分配专项资金;二是建立以国家财政款为主、捐赠为辅的生态补偿制度,最大程度吸纳资金投入;三是在法律制定中广泛听取公民意见以及加强公众监督方面完善草原荒漠化的公共参与制度。四是通过明确管理主体的权责范围完善管理机制。
[Abstract]:Grassland desertification is one of the main ecological and environmental problems faced by human beings. The total area of grassland in China is second only to Australia and the second place in the world, and it is the key area of ecological environment construction in China. At the same time, it is also of great ecological function and economic significance to protect the biodiversity of our country and promote the economic construction and sustainable development of our society. However, China is also one of the most seriously damaged countries by grassland desertification in the world. The problem of desertification is gradually endangering the living environment and health of human beings, the sustainable development of economy and the stability of society. At present, the problem of grassland desertification in China is prominent, which is manifested in three aspects: legislation, law enforcement and imperfect related systems. Specifically, in the aspect of legislation, the legal provisions of grassland desertification prevention measures are lack of maneuverability, the quality of legislation is not high, and the contents of the legal system are in conflict. In the aspect of law enforcement, the protection of grassland in our country is not strong, the legal concept of law enforcement personnel is backward, the management level is low, and the supervision and management is absent. In the construction of the relevant system, there is no special fund guarantee system for grassland desertification control, the ecological compensation system is not perfect, the special compensation fund is insufficient, the grassland management subject is single and the grassland desertification management mechanism is not perfect. By studying the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in the United States, Australia and Israel, the perfection of the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in China can be constructed from the following three aspects: in the aspect of legislation, one is to sort out the relationship between the relevant legal provisions. Avoid legislative conflicts; Second, by increasing the legal interpretation of the legal provisions, we should integrate the current legal structure to improve the relevant legal provisions of "preventing and controlling desertification", and third, improve the local regulations and regulations for grassland desertification prevention. In the aspect of law enforcement, one is to strictly implement the relevant legal provisions and enforce the law according to law, the other is to improve the legal awareness of law enforcement departments and improve the management level of grassland desertification prevention. The third is to improve the supervision quality of grassland regulators by strengthening the relationship and coordination between regulatory agencies. In the aspect of perfecting the relevant system, first, by drawing lessons from the experience of foreign grassland desertification supervision and control, we should increase the capital investment of grassland desertification work in our country, and at the same time allocate special funds strictly according to the use of funds. The second is to establish an ecological compensation system with national financial funds as the main and donation as the auxiliary, to absorb the investment of funds to the greatest extent, and third, to improve the public participation system of grassland desertification in the aspects of extensively listening to the opinions of citizens and strengthening public supervision in the formulation of laws. Fourth, improve the management mechanism by defining the scope of power and responsibility of the management subject.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.6
本文编号：2477216
[Abstract]:Grassland desertification is one of the main ecological and environmental problems faced by human beings. The total area of grassland in China is second only to Australia and the second place in the world, and it is the key area of ecological environment construction in China. At the same time, it is also of great ecological function and economic significance to protect the biodiversity of our country and promote the economic construction and sustainable development of our society. However, China is also one of the most seriously damaged countries by grassland desertification in the world. The problem of desertification is gradually endangering the living environment and health of human beings, the sustainable development of economy and the stability of society. At present, the problem of grassland desertification in China is prominent, which is manifested in three aspects: legislation, law enforcement and imperfect related systems. Specifically, in the aspect of legislation, the legal provisions of grassland desertification prevention measures are lack of maneuverability, the quality of legislation is not high, and the contents of the legal system are in conflict. In the aspect of law enforcement, the protection of grassland in our country is not strong, the legal concept of law enforcement personnel is backward, the management level is low, and the supervision and management is absent. In the construction of the relevant system, there is no special fund guarantee system for grassland desertification control, the ecological compensation system is not perfect, the special compensation fund is insufficient, the grassland management subject is single and the grassland desertification management mechanism is not perfect. By studying the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in the United States, Australia and Israel, the perfection of the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in China can be constructed from the following three aspects: in the aspect of legislation, one is to sort out the relationship between the relevant legal provisions. Avoid legislative conflicts; Second, by increasing the legal interpretation of the legal provisions, we should integrate the current legal structure to improve the relevant legal provisions of "preventing and controlling desertification", and third, improve the local regulations and regulations for grassland desertification prevention. In the aspect of law enforcement, one is to strictly implement the relevant legal provisions and enforce the law according to law, the other is to improve the legal awareness of law enforcement departments and improve the management level of grassland desertification prevention. The third is to improve the supervision quality of grassland regulators by strengthening the relationship and coordination between regulatory agencies. In the aspect of perfecting the relevant system, first, by drawing lessons from the experience of foreign grassland desertification supervision and control, we should increase the capital investment of grassland desertification work in our country, and at the same time allocate special funds strictly according to the use of funds. The second is to establish an ecological compensation system with national financial funds as the main and donation as the auxiliary, to absorb the investment of funds to the greatest extent, and third, to improve the public participation system of grassland desertification in the aspects of extensively listening to the opinions of citizens and strengthening public supervision in the formulation of laws. Fourth, improve the management mechanism by defining the scope of power and responsibility of the management subject.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.6
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