转基因农产品环境影响的法律分析

发布时间：2019-05-15 16:37

【摘要】：20世纪的最后20年间,基因工程技术以任何技术形态都无法比拟的速度一夜之间成为众星捧月的焦点。这种情况的产生并不是偶然的,可以说从基因工程技术本身所体现出的优越性的角度看,这种结果的产生是一种必然。抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂和品种改良的棉花、水稻、大豆、玉米等等不同种类的转基因作物,不仅在单位产量上远远高于其他品种的农作物,而且在对恶劣环境适应性的方面也表现出无可比拟的优势,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。随着经济水平的不断发展,人类对于生态环境的关注程度也越来越高,尤其是在近些年全球气候变暖和生态环境恶化的事实面前,各国都认识到了环境问题对于人类生存和可持续发展的重要性。不可否认,转基因产品的安全性问题一直都存在争议,不仅因为转基因技术发展时间较短还存在一定的不确定因素,同时也因为转基因植物在自然界中的种植生长过程必然的要和其他物种进行接触。但这种接触所产生的结果是人类目前还不能确定的,或者说如果产生危害也是短时间之内不易察觉的。而对于转基因植物中重要组成部分的转基因作物而言,这种影响和危害的产生就有着与其他植物相比更严重的危险性和严重性。在这样的发展背景下,本文将生物安全问题作为讨论研究的大方向,在第一章中简要介绍选题的依据和目的,第二章开始从分析转基因作物的特征入手,对其在环境影响方面的危险性和立法方面的必要性进行讨论,同时在第三章中就我国目前的转基因农产品环境安全制度进行分析和评价,在第四章中重点分析和借鉴国外经验,在第五章中提出建立起一个转基因作物环境影响的法律规制系统的个人观点,以求抛砖引玉为我国的转基因生物安全立法提供自己的建议。
[Abstract]:In the last 20 years of the 20th century, genetic engineering technology became the focus of support overnight at a speed unparalleled in any technical form. The emergence of this situation is not accidental, it can be said that from the point of view of the advantages of genetic engineering technology itself, the emergence of this result is inevitable. Different kinds of genetically modified crops, such as insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide resistance and variety improvement, such as cotton, rice, soybeans, corn and so on, are not only much higher per unit yield than other varieties of crops. Moreover, it also shows incomparable advantages in adaptability to harsh environment, and obtains great economic and social benefits. With the continuous development of economic level, human beings pay more and more attention to the ecological environment, especially in the face of the deterioration of the global climate and ecological environment in recent years. All countries have recognized the importance of environmental problems for human survival and sustainable development. It is undeniable that the safety of genetically modified products has always been controversial, not only because of the short development time of transgenic technology, but also because of certain uncertain factors. At the same time, it is necessary to contact other species because of the planting and growth process of transgenic plants in nature. But the result of this kind of contact is not sure at present, or if the harm is not detected in a short period of time. For genetically modified crops, which are an important part of transgenic plants, the occurrence of this influence and harm is more serious than that of other plants. In this context, this paper takes biosafety as the general direction of discussion and research, briefly introduces the basis and purpose of the topic in the first chapter, and begins with the analysis of the characteristics of genetically modified crops in the second chapter. This paper discusses the risk of environmental impact and the necessity of legislation. At the same time, it analyzes and evaluates the current environmental safety system of genetically modified agricultural products in China in the third chapter, and focuses on the analysis and reference of foreign experience in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, the author puts forward the personal viewpoint of establishing a legal regulation system of the environmental impact of genetically modified crops, in order to provide his own suggestions for the safety legislation of genetically modified organisms in China.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6;D922.4

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