我国流域水污染防治的法律对策研究

发布时间：2019-05-23 03:20

【摘要】： 水是人类生命的源泉,是社会赖以生存与发展的“基础和命脉”。水资源的形成、流动和转化均以流域为单元,流域为我们提供了最主要的水资源。如何在发展经济的同时,防治流域的水污染是世界各国都面临过的共同难题,尤其是我国这样一个水资源人均占有量少且时空分布很不均衡的发展中国家,流域水污染治理面临着更加严峻的考验,流域水水污染严重并进一步恶化、水污染事故频发,是我国经历20多年的流域水污染防治工作后的现状。除了经济快速发展等客观原因之外,我国流域水污染法律的重大缺陷:流域水污染防治法律不完善、流域水污染防治体制不合理、市场机制未得到充分利用是流域水污染“久治不愈”的重要原因。我国应借鉴国内外一些著名流域的水污染防治经验,立足于流域水污染的流域特性,进一步完善统一的流域水污染综合控制的体制和法律制度。首先,要完善流域水污染防治法律体系:完善流域管理的法律法规、完善有关流域水污染防治的环境经济政策的法律保障体系、加强与相关环境法律法规及涉水法律的协调。第二,在流域和区域层面对流域水污染防治管理体制进行重构。第三,建立和完善流域水污染防治的规划预警制度、节水减污制度、排污许可证及总量控制制度、流域跨区水污染经济补偿及纠纷处理制度、公众参与制度、法律责任制度、面源污染综合控制制度、水污染防治投融资制度等主要法律制度。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of human life and the basis and lifeline for the survival and development of society. The formation, flow and transformation of water resources are based on the basin, which provides us with the most important water resources. How to prevent and control water pollution in watersheds is a common problem faced by all countries in the world, especially in a developing country with low per capita share of water resources and uneven temporal and spatial distribution. The treatment of river basin water pollution is facing a more severe test. The serious and further deterioration of basin water pollution and the frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents are the present situation after more than 20 years of river basin water pollution prevention and control in our country. In addition to the objective reasons such as rapid economic development, the major defects of the river basin water pollution law in China are as follows: the river basin water pollution prevention and control law is not perfect, and the basin water pollution prevention and control system is unreasonable. The failure of market mechanism to make full use of water pollution is an important reason why water pollution in river basin can not be cured for a long time. China should draw lessons from the water pollution prevention and control experience of some famous watersheds at home and abroad, based on the watershed characteristics of watershed water pollution, and further improve the unified system and legal system of comprehensive control of river basin water pollution. First of all, we should improve the legal system of river basin water pollution prevention and control: perfect the laws and regulations of watershed management, improve the legal guarantee system of environmental and economic policies related to watershed water pollution prevention and control, and strengthen the coordination with relevant environmental laws and regulations and water-related laws. Second, the basin water pollution prevention and control management system is reconstructed at the basin and regional level. Third, establish and improve the planning and early warning system, water saving and pollution reduction system, emission permit and total amount control system, inter-regional water pollution economic compensation and dispute settlement system, public participation system and legal liability system for river basin water pollution prevention and control. Comprehensive control system of non-point source pollution, investment and financing system of water pollution prevention and control, and other main legal systems.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】