离婚后的亲权行使制度研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 14:33

本文关键词：离婚后的亲权行使制度研究　出处：《中国政法大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：离婚自由是指夫妻有依法解除婚姻关系的自由,它是宪法赋予公民的基本权利,也是婚姻法的一项基本原则,体现了法律对婚姻关系当事人意思自治的尊重。但是,由于离婚涉及到婚姻当事人之间权利义务的变更和子女的利益,对社会也会产生巨大的影响,因此离婚自由也不是绝对无限制的,必须同时衡量个人利益与他人利益,个人利益与社会利益的关系。对未成年子女而言,父母离婚带来的影响是巨大而深远的,为了使离异家庭子女免受父母离婚造成的伤害,法律必须对其利益保护作出全面系统的规定,离婚后的亲权行使制度正是其中最重要的问题。本文主要对世界各国离婚后亲权行使制度进行比较研究,并分析我国现有制度的不足之处,在此基础上提出完善我国离婚后亲权行使制度的建议。全文共分为前言、正文、结论三大部分,其中正文包括以下内容: 第一部分是离婚后亲权行使制度概述,主要阐明离婚后亲权行使制度的内容、意义、基本原则、理论基础。亲权是一种抽象的基本身份权,表明父母子女之间的基本资格。离婚后的亲权行使制度首先解决父母离异后亲权归属问题,其次涉及亲权的具体内容即抚养权、探望权、惩戒权、教育监督权等权利如何行使。离婚后的亲权行使遵循子女最佳利益原则、男女平等原则、权利不得滥用等基本原则。第二部分是以比较法学的方法,对大陆法系、英美法系国家(包括地区)离婚后的亲权行使制度进行比较研究。本文主要对德国、法国、英国、美国及我国港澳台地区离婚后亲权行使的内容、行使方式、发展趋势、非亲权人对子女的权利义务进行评析。本文最后一部分阐述我国现行法律制度的缺失,并对我国有关制度的完善提出自己的一点建议。我国现行制度存在体系混乱、具体规定矛盾、概念混用等弊病。鉴于此,本文在沿用我国学者杨立新的有关见解基础上,提出在离婚后亲权作为抽象的基本身份权不发生改变,仍由父母双方共同享有。而抚养权、探望权、重大事务决定权等内容是亲权具体的分支权利和义务,应当在符合未成年子女最佳利益的基础上决定其履行方式。本文对亲权具体内容的完善,离婚后亲权人滥用亲权将承担不利益后果的规定也一并提出建议。
[Abstract]:Freedom of divorce refers to the dissolution of the marriage law have marital freedom, it is the basic constitutional rights of citizens, is also a basic principle of the marriage law, the law embodies respect for marriage party autonomy. However, because of the divorce rights related to marriage party and the change of children's interests, will have a great impact on the society, so the freedom of divorce is not absolutely unlimited, must also measure the personal interests and the interests of others, the relationship between personal interests and social interests. For minor children, parents divorce brings is huge and profound. In order to make the children of divorced families from divorced parents hurt the provisions of the laws to make a comprehensive system on the protection of the interests of the post divorce parental rights system is one of the most important problems. This paper focuses on the world after the divorce Pro This paper makes a comparative study of the exercise of rights, and analyzes the shortcomings of our existing system. Based on that, it puts forward suggestions for improving the exercise of parental rights after divorce. The full text is divided into three parts: preface, main body and conclusion.
The first part is the divorce of parental rights system overview, mainly expounds the content of the system of parental rights after divorce, meaning, basic principles, theoretical basis. Parental power is a kind of abstract basic identity right, that the basic qualifications between parents and children. After the divorce parental rights system first to solve the problem of parental rights belonging to the parents divorced, the specific content the second relates to parental custody and visitation rights, rights of discipline, education supervision right after the divorce. How to exercise the exercise of parental rights should follow the principle of the best interests of the child, the principle of equality between men and women, no abuse of rights and other basic principles.
The second part is based on the method of comparative law, the continental law system, common law countries (including regions) after the divorce of parental rights system in a comparative study. This paper focuses on Germany, France, Britain, the United States and China's Hong Kong and Macao area after the divorce of parental rights content, the trend of development, human rights, non paternity the duty on children's assessment.
The last part of this paper expounds the lack of China's current legal system, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect our relevant system. The current system of our country has specific provisions of confusion, contradictions, shortcomings of concept confusion etc. in view of this, this article in the foundation which views by Chinese scholar Yang Lixin, put in a divorce after the paternity as the basic identity right Abstract does not change, still shared by both parents. The custody and visitation rights, major affairs decision content such as parental branch specific rights and obligations, shall determine its performance in line with the best interests of the child in the minors. In this paper, the specific content of the parental right perfect after the divorce, parental abuse will not bear the consequences of parental rights provisions are also suggested.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D913.9

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