共同遗嘱制度研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 21:26

本文关键词：共同遗嘱制度研究　出处：《内蒙古大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：遗嘱继承作为与法定继承相对应的一种继承形式,是我国《继承法》的重要组成部分,在我国财产继承制度中占有重要的法律地位,随着社会经济生活的发展,人们社会财富的增加,遗嘱意识的增强,通过遗嘱处分自己的财产成为公民越来越热衷的处理遗产方式,尤其是近年来,共同遗嘱在现实生活中的广泛使用已成为不可逆转的趋势,然而我国继承法律制度对此制度的忽视以及理论界莫衷一是的态度,导致共同遗嘱案件的纠纷诉至法院时,法院认定标准不一,有的承认共同遗嘱的效力,有的则予以否认,然而无可否认的是,随着民间对共同遗嘱形式的大量采用,共同遗嘱制度成为了继承法律制度中一个凸显的问题,这加剧了我国《继承法》对其规制的紧迫性,以便能够为实践操作提供向导。因此,本文从两个具体的共同遗嘱纠纷案例入手,逐步对共同遗嘱的概念、特征以及类型进行剖析,借鉴外国对共同遗嘱效力的认定,在兼听各方观点的基础上,针对我国《继承法》上对共同遗嘱制度规定的不足,在共同遗嘱的主体、内容、效力、撤销和变更等方面提出自己的构建设想,以期能够为我国共同遗嘱制度的构建和完善贡献自己的一份微薄之力。具体来说,论文分为五个部分：第一部分从两个具体的共同遗嘱纠纷案例入手,提出共同遗嘱制度所涉及的一系列问题；第二部分是关于共同遗嘱的概述,介绍了共同遗嘱的概念、特征和类型,并明确提出本文所要探讨的共同遗嘱仅指实质意义上的共同遗嘱；第三部分是对共同遗嘱的域外法考察,主要是介绍了国外关于共同遗嘱的肯定、否定两种立法例,并对这两种立法例进行比较分析得出外国立法之所以有所差异的原因；第四部分在分析我国共同遗嘱的立法、司法现状的基础上,结合我国理论界对这一问题的激烈探讨,对我国设立共同遗嘱制度的必要性和可行性进行了系统的阐述；第五部分主要从共同遗嘱适用主体和客体；共同遗嘱的形式、内容限制；共同遗嘱的变更、撤销以及共同遗嘱的效力方面,对我国的共同遗嘱制度提出具体构建完善建议,以适应遗嘱现状的发展,使社会更加和谐。
[Abstract]:Testamentary succession, as a form of inheritance corresponding to legal inheritance, is an important part of China's inheritance Law. It occupies an important legal position in the property inheritance system of our country, and along with the development of social and economic life. With the increase of social wealth and the increase of testamentary consciousness, disposition of one's own property through will has become a more and more enthusiastic way of handling inheritance, especially in recent years. The widespread use of common will in real life has become an irreversible trend, however, the inheritance legal system of our country ignores this system and the theory of different attitudes. When the dispute leading to the case of common will is appealed to the court, the court finds that the standard is different, some of them admit the validity of the common will, some deny it, but what is undeniable is that. With the widespread adoption of the common will form, the common will system has become a prominent problem in the inheritance legal system, which intensifies the urgency of the regulation of the inheritance Law in our country. In order to provide a guide for practical operation. Therefore, this paper from two specific cases of common will disputes, gradually analyze the concept, characteristics and types of common will. Drawing lessons from foreign countries on the determination of the validity of the common will, on the basis of listening to the views of the parties, aiming at the deficiencies of the common will system in the inheritance Law of our country, the main body, content and effect of the common will. In order to make a contribution to the construction and perfection of our common will system, the author puts forward his own idea of construction in the aspects of revocation and alteration. Specifically, it can contribute to the construction and improvement of our common will system. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part from two specific cases of common will disputes, put forward the common will system involved in a series of issues; The second part is an overview of the common will, introduces the concept, characteristics and types of the common will, and clearly points out that the common will to be discussed in this paper only refers to the essence of the common will; The third part is the extraterritorial investigation of the common will, mainly introduces the affirmation of the common will and the negation of the two kinds of legislation. And the comparative analysis of the two kinds of legislation cases shows the reasons for the difference of foreign legislation; In the 4th part, on the basis of analyzing the legislation and judicial status of our common will, combined with the theoretical circle of our country, this problem is discussed intensely. The necessity and feasibility of establishing the common will system in China are expounded systematically. Part 5th mainly applies to the subject and object of the common will; The form and content of the common will; In the aspect of the change of common will, revocation and the effect of common will, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions on the construction of common will system in our country, in order to adapt to the development of the present situation of will and make the society more harmonious.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.9

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