事实收养的司法认定研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 03:03

本文关键词：事实收养的司法认定研究　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：兰考孤儿殒命事件,使得民间事实收养又再次面临尴尬的局面。现实生活中确实有不少事实行为依靠传统习惯和道德规范进行调整,与社会利益不相冲突。但是,事实收养行为既受到法律禁止性规范的排斥,也与习惯和道德难以协调,影响了社会整体利益。对事实收养确认及保护的研究,从被收养人的角度看,有利于维护和睦的家庭成员关系,保持社会的稳定,保障被收养人的基本权利；从收养人的角度看,合法的收养在很大程度上可以弥补家庭婚姻的缺陷,给孤独的心灵带来精神慰籍；从社会发展稳定的角度看,可以减少社会上不法分子利用弃婴,孤儿等进行各种不法行为的机会,从而促进社会的和谐发展。同时对事实收养关系确认和保护的研究,有利于规范事实收养法律关系,合理分配收养人和被收养人各自的责任。本文将以保护事实收养法律关系为视角,在厘清事实收养概念的基础上,通过梳理我国有关事实收养方面的法律法规以及地方政府关于事实收养方面的具体规章,并通过整理事实收养方面的司法案例,最终将对如何认定事实收养法律关系以保护事实收养当事人的合法权益提出相应的司法实践适用原则和司法认定构成要件。本文共分为五个部分：第一部分是问题的提出。该部分首先由福建省厦门市中级人民法院审理的有关事实收养的案件所引发的关于事实收养的确认和保护方面的思考,其次梳理了关于事实收养研究的相关文献,并且提出了本文的研究价值和研究方法。第二部分是事实收养概念的分析。该部分首先介绍了学术界关于收养概念的三种观点来帮助理解事实收养的概念,进而又介绍了学术层面的三种学说：法律要件说、否定说和行为说,同时又总结了司法实践对事实收养界定的两种方法以及从政府具体操作规范角度来帮助厘清事实收养概念,并在最后提出了笔者关于事实收养概念的理解。第三部分是关于事实收养认定方面的法律规定及司法案例整理。这部分首先梳理了我国法律、法规及部门规章对事实收养认定方面的相关规定,其次整理了相关司法案例,并提出了司法实践中对事实收养认定方面的分歧与困惑。第四部分是关于确立事实收养司法认定原则。这一部分主要针对当前司法实践中对事实收养确认方面的分歧与困惑进行了总结,提出了确立认定事实收养关系的司法实践适用原则,即以养子女最佳利益原则为主,公平原则为辅。第五部分是关于确立司法认定构成要件,该部分提出了司法认定事实收养关系的四个构成要件：事实收养当事人的年龄构成要件、事实收养当事人的责任公证构成要件、事实收养当事人的身份占有构成要件、事实收养行为存续的时间构成要件。
[Abstract]:The death of Orphan Lankao makes the folk fact adoption again face an awkward situation. In real life there are a lot of factual behaviors that rely on traditional habits and moral norms to adjust. However, the practice of de facto adoption is not only excluded by the prohibited norms of law, but also difficult to coordinate with custom and morality, which affects the overall interests of society and the research on the confirmation and protection of factual adoption. From the perspective of the adoptee, it is conducive to maintaining harmonious family members relations, maintaining social stability, and safeguarding the fundamental rights of the adoptees; From the perspective of adopters, legal adoption to a large extent can make up for the defects of family marriage, and bring spiritual comfort to the lonely soul; From the perspective of social development and stability, it can reduce the opportunities for illegal elements in society to use abandoned babies, orphans and so on to carry out various illegal acts. In order to promote the harmonious development of society. At the same time, the study on the confirmation and protection of the relationship of factual adoption is conducive to the regulation of the legal relationship of de facto adoption. Reasonable distribution of the respective responsibilities of adopters and adoptees. This article will protect the legal relationship of factual adoption as the perspective, on the basis of clarifying the concept of de facto adoption. Through combing the laws and regulations of the fact adoption in our country and the specific rules and regulations of the local government on the fact adoption, and through sorting out the judicial cases of the fact adoption. Finally, the author puts forward the applicable principles of judicial practice and the constitutive elements of judicial confirmation on how to identify the legal relationship of factual adoption in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties of factual adoption. This article is divided into five parts:. The first part is the question. The first part of the Xiamen City, Fujian Province by the Intermediate people's Court of the case about the fact of adoption caused by the confirmation and protection of the reflection. Secondly, combing the relevant literature on the study of factual adoption. The second part is the analysis of the concept of factual adoption. This part first introduces the academic community on the concept of adoption three views to help understand the concept of de facto adoption. And then introduced the academic level of three theories: the legal elements theory, the negative theory and behavior theory. At the same time, it summarizes two methods of defining de facto adoption in judicial practice and helps clarify the concept of de facto adoption from the perspective of the government's specific operational norms. In the end, the author puts forward the understanding of the concept of de facto adoption. The third part is about the legal provisions and judicial cases of factual adoption. This part firstly combs the law of our country. Regulations and departmental regulations on the fact of adoption of the relevant provisions, followed by sorting out the relevant judicial cases. It also puts forward the differences and puzzles in judicial practice on the confirmation of factual adoption. Part 4th is about establishing the principle of judicial cognizance of factual adoption. This part is mainly aimed at the confirmation of factual adoption in current judicial practice. Differences and puzzles are summarized. The author puts forward the applicable principles of judicial practice in establishing the relationship of factual adoption, that is, the principle of the best interests of foster children is the main principle, and the principle of fairness is supplementary. Part 5th is about the establishment of the constitutive elements of judicial recognition. This part puts forward four constitutive elements of judicial cognizance of the relationship of factual adoption: the age constitutive elements of the parties of factual adoption and the constitutive elements of the responsibility of the parties of factual adoptions. The constituent elements of the identity of the parties involved in the factual adoption and the time component of the existence of the act of factual adoption.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.9

【参考文献】