婚内损害赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 06:29

本文关键词：婚内损害赔偿问题研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：毋庸置疑,夫妻间存在大量的、种类繁多的损害行为。现行法于此的救济途径仅规定了离婚损害赔偿制度,且最高法院的解释明确表示了对不以离婚为前提的婚内损害赔偿的否定态度。就应否确立婚内损害赔偿制度的问题,理论和实务界历来存在争议。一方面,司法实践中对于婚内损害赔偿案件的处理并不统一；另一方面,有学者以婚姻家庭的伦理道德属性强烈,法律不应涉足过多,且婚内损害赔偿案件无执行可能等为由进行反对,也有学者认识到现行法的不足,提出支持设立之主张。婚内受害人救济渠道的匮乏和缺失的现状,造成很多受害人在不愿意离婚时被迫选择自力救济。这样一来,不仅受害人不能得到有效保护,而且不利于遏制婚内侵权行为,不利于家庭的稳定。在一定意义上甚至导致婚姻关系论为违法行为的合法外衣,更可能使家庭陷入以暴制暴的恶性循环之中。有鉴于此,我国法律应设立婚内损害赔偿制度,并与现行的离婚损害赔偿制度一起构成完整的婚姻损害赔偿制度。婚内损害赔偿制度的设立,回避不了对其正当性、可行性问题的分析以及对自身法律性质、调整范围的界定等具体问题。本文在比较考察的基础上,从实证的角度,提出如下主张： 1.婚内损害赔偿应界定为侵权之债。理由是：(1)婚内损害赔偿涉及的受害权利均具有法定的特点；(2)侵权损害赔偿体系中所包含的精神损害赔偿较之契约责任而言,更有利于满足婚内受害人救济需要；(3)婚姻当事人除了按照法律规定进行要式登记外,一般不会对婚姻模式的其他内容进行细化的约定,用契约责任来规范婚内损害赔偿难以对应；(4)婚内损害赔偿符合一般侵权责任的法律特征。 2.设立婚内损害赔偿制度是公正法律价值的现实需求,和社会发展的应然方向,其设立也是可行的。就正当性而言,一方面现行法对婚内受害人保护存在种种不足,而婚内损害赔偿制度正好能对此进行弥补和救济；另一方面,社会发展的现实为婚内损害赔偿制度的设立奠定了社会基础,以此为制度设立的应然问题扫清障碍。就可行性而言,民事侵权理论为婚内损害赔偿提供了理论依据,设立婚内损害赔偿制度不仅符合现行法精神,该制度更能完美地融入现行侵权法体系。加之,英美法系和大陆法系国家中,均有设立婚内损害赔偿制度的成例。因此,设立该项制度具有现实可行性。 3.婚内损害赔偿着重规范性质、情节恶劣,损害后果严重的侵权行为。理由是：因如常态的任何侵权行为不论程度轻重,都被无限制的一概被准予直接司法诉讼救济,大量的婚内侵权纠纷就会涌向法院,不但有违立法保护婚姻家庭稳定的本意,现实的司法资源也将不堪重负。对这一问题,可从侵权行为构成要件、侵权行为类型以及婚内损害赔偿与离婚损害赔偿相互协调的角度考察。此外,为了增强婚内损害赔偿的可操作性和实用性,需要对婚内损害赔偿相关的侵权行为进行类型化的梳理。 4.为婚内损害赔偿制度在司法实践中的有效实施,建议立法明确两项配套制度。一是建立非常财产制度。在婚姻关系存续期间,出现了婚内损害赔偿事由,而当事人又不愿意离婚,并且需要由他方进行赔偿,应先裁定终止现行财产关系,改而实行非常时期的分别财产制,并对共同财产实行分割,然后做出执行赔偿判决。婚内损害赔偿纠纷涉及的支付财产的性质和侵权人财产能力等问题均迎刃而解。二是实行债权凭证制度。对未了债权实施物权化的保护,最大限度地维护婚内受损一方的合法权益,有效地防止侵权人以无个人财产等理由逃避债务,以此也能很好地解决此类纠纷终结执行与继续执行的矛盾,以及婚内损害赔偿请求权和夫妻共同财产制的矛盾。
[Abstract]:There is no doubt that there are a large number of couples, many kinds of damage behavior. The current law remedies only stipulated the system of compensation for divorce damage, and the interpretation of the Supreme Court made it clear that the negative attitude of divorce damages to the premise. It should establish marital damage compensation in the marriage system. There have been disputes in theory and practice. On the one hand, in judicial practice of marital damage compensation in the case of the treatment is not unified; on the other hand, some scholars take the ethics attribute of marriage and family, the law should not get involved too much, and no compensation for marital damages may perform grounds against, is also insufficient scholars recognize the existing law, proposed the establishment of the claim support.
The status of lack of relief channels in marriage, causing many victims in unwilling to divorce is forced to choose self-help. In this way, not only the victims can not be effectively protected, and not conducive to curb the behavior of marital tort, is not conducive to the stability of the family. It leads the marriage relationship is illegal in a legal coat sense, vicious spiral is more likely to make the family into violence. In view of this, our country should establish the legal system of marital tort compensation, and with the current divorce damage compensation system together constitute a complete system of compensation for marital damages.
The establishment of marital damage compensation system can not avoid the analysis of its legitimacy and feasibility, and the definition of its legal nature and scope of adjustment. Based on the comparative investigation, the following proposition is put forward from the perspective of positivism.
The compensation should be defined as infringement of the debt of 1. of marital damage. The reasons are: (1) the marital damages to the rights of victims with legal characteristics; (2) the spirit of tort damages included in the compensation system of compensation for contract liability is concerned, more conducive to meet the relief needs of victims in marriage; (3) in addition to the parties to the marriage registration in accordance with the law, the other contents of the marriage pattern is generally not a detailed agreement, with the responsibility to regulate the marital damages to the corresponding; (4) the marital damages in accordance with the legal characteristics of general tort liability.
2. the establishment of marital damage compensation is the realistic demand of the legal value of justice, orientation and social development, its establishment is also feasible. For legitimacy, on one hand the existing law in protecting the victims in marriage are inadequate, and marital damage compensation just this remedy; on the other hand, the social basis for the development of society for the establishment of marital damage compensation system, this system sets up the problem ought to pave the way. On the feasibility, theory of tort for marital damages and provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of marital damage compensation system not only conforms to current law spirit, the system can be perfectly integrated into the current the tort law system. In addition, the Anglo American law system and continental law system, has set up a system of marital tort compensation rule. Therefore, the establishment of the system is feasible.
3. damage compensation in marriage mainly normative nature, vile and serious consequences of the damage of the infringement. The reason is: because if any normal tort, regardless of severity, are no restrictions have been granted direct judicial litigation, tort disputes would flock to the court a lot of marital, not only violate the legislation to protect the stability of marriage and family the original intention, but the judicial resources will be overwhelmed. On this issue, from the infringement elements, investigate tort type and damage compensation in the marriage and divorce compensation coordination perspective. In addition, in order to enhance the marital damage operability and practicability of the compensation, damages for infringement related to sort out the type of marriage.
4. for the effective implementation of marital damage compensation system in the judicial practice, proposed legislation to clear the two supporting systems. One is to establish the very property system. During the existence of marriage, there is a subject of marital damages, and the parties do not want to divorce, and the need for compensation from the other party, should first decide to terminate the current property instead, the implementation of property very period, and the common property division, and then make a decision. The nature of executive compensation for damage compensation disputes involving the payment of property and infringement of property and other issues in marriage. The two is the implementation of creditor's rights were smoothly done or easily solved. The implementation of the protection of the property right certificate system for outstanding claims, the maximum maintenance of marital damage the legitimate rights and interests, effectively prevent the infringer to evade the debt to personal property and other reasons, which can resolve such disputes properly and termination of execution The contradictions of the continued execution, the claim for damages in marriage and the system of the common property of the husband and wife.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D923.9

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