第三者侵害婚姻关系民事责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 13:36

本文选题：第三者　切入点：婚姻关系　出处：《山西大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 婚姻关系是一种最基本的社会关系，同时也是一种为法律所保护和规范的法律关系，在人们的生活领域中有着重要的位置和意义。然而，随着我国市场经济的建设和市民社会的发展，人们对婚姻家庭的观念产生了许多变化。与此同时，通奸、姘居、重婚等第三者侵害婚姻关系的现象日益增多，其所引发的对家庭和谐、社会安定及伦理道德的严重冲击引起了社会的广泛关注，要求制裁第三者的呼声日趋强烈，但是，目前我国尚未确立对第三者追究民事责任的制度。这一立法上的缺失，给我国婚姻关系的法律保护留下了空白。因此，透过现象层面从深层次对第三者侵权法律问题进行研究，完善相关理论；构建一套我国第三者侵权责任制度，为追究第三者责任提供具体的法律依据，使受害配偶利益得到保护，无疑具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。本文从婚姻关系的法律性质及第三者的界定入手，结合社会学、经济学的方法分析第三者侵害婚姻关系现象的产生原因及危害，从感性认识逐步上升到理性认识来确立第三者民事责任的理论基础：运用历史的方法和分析比较的方法考察了其它国家和台湾地区的立法及司法实践，并立足于我国立法现状，从婚姻法和侵权法两方面提出一些建议，以期对构建第三者侵权责任制度有所裨益。本文除引言、结语外共分为五个部分。首先，笔者强调婚姻关系是一种法律关系，是以夫妻权利义务为内容的两性结合关系；忠实义务是婚姻关系的本质要求。同时，从内涵和外延两方面对侵害婚姻关系的第三者进行了科学界定，指出其行为的表现形态主要包括重婚、姘居及通奸三种。其次，文章的第二部分针对目前频繁发生的第三者侵害婚姻关系的现象，先从西方思想影响、市场经济发展的客观条件、人们权利及自由意识增强并发生滥用以及现代社会道德多元化使道德规范的作用弱化等四方面分析了原因；然后从受害配偶、婚姻家庭、社会秩序以及一夫一妻制等方面揭示了这种行为所造成的严重危害性。接着，笔者从道德和法律两种规范的关系入手，分析了对第三者行为适用法律规范的必要性；同时，从人本身所具有的人格权和身份权两方面研究，得出婚姻关系具有双重属性的结论，确立追究第三者侵权责任的请求权基础。然后，笔者考察了两大法系不同国家和地区的相关立法及司法实践，在比较分析之后，得出了对我国的启示。文章的最后一部分在强调建立第三者民事责任制度的必要性的基础上，立足我国法律现状，从婚姻法和侵权法两方面提出了构建这一制度具体规则的设置建议。
[Abstract]:Marriage is not only the most basic social relationship, but also a kind of legal relationship protected and regulated by the law. It has an important position and significance in the field of people's life. With the construction of market economy and the development of civil society in our country, many changes have taken place in the concept of marriage and family. At the same time, adultery, concubine, bigamy and other third parties are increasingly infringing on marriage relations. Its serious impact on family harmony, social stability and ethics has aroused widespread concern in society, and calls for sanctions against third parties have become increasingly strong, but, At present, our country has not established the system of investigating the civil liability of the third party. This lack of legislation has left a blank for the legal protection of the marriage relationship in our country. It is undoubtedly of great theoretical value and practical significance to perfect the relevant theories, to construct a system of tort liability of third parties in China, to provide specific legal basis for investigating third party liability and to protect the interests of aggrieved spouses. This article starts with the legal nature of marriage relationship and the definition of third party, and analyzes the causes and harm of the phenomenon of third party infringing on marriage relationship by combining the methods of sociology and economics. From the perceptual cognition to the rational cognition to establish the theoretical foundation of the third party civil liability: using the historical method and the method of analysis and comparison, the author inspects the legislation and judicial practice of other countries and Taiwan, and bases on the legislation present situation of our country. Some suggestions are put forward from marriage law and tort law in order to construct the third party tort liability system. In addition to the introduction, the conclusion is divided into five parts. First of all, the author emphasizes that marriage is a kind of legal relationship, which is a combination of the rights and obligations of husband and wife, and the obligation of loyalty is the essential requirement of marriage. This paper scientifically defines the third party who infringes on the marital relationship from the aspects of connotation and extension, and points out that its behavior forms mainly include bigamy, concubine and adultery. The second part of the article aims at the phenomenon that the third party encroaches on marriage relations frequently occurring at present. Firstly, it influences the western ideology and the objective conditions of the development of the market economy. This paper analyzes the causes from four aspects: people's awareness of rights and freedoms is strengthened and abused, and moral pluralism in modern society weakens the role of moral norms, and then analyzes the reasons from the injured spouse, marriage and family. The social order and monogamy reveal the serious harm caused by this kind of behavior. Then, the author analyzes the necessity of applying legal norms to the third party's behavior from the relationship between moral and legal norms. From the two aspects of personality right and identity right, the author draws the conclusion that the marriage relationship has dual attributes, and establishes the basis of the right of claim to investigate the third party's tort liability. The author examines the relevant legislation and judicial practice in different countries and regions of the two major legal systems, and after comparative analysis, draws the enlightenment to our country. The last part of the article emphasizes the necessity of establishing the third party civil liability system. Based on the present situation of our country's law, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to set up the concrete rules of this system from the aspects of marriage law and tort law.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D913

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