南非婚姻法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 13:38

本文选题：南非　切入点：婚姻法　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一种社会意识，法律会随着社会生活的变化而不断地发展，换句话说，法律的历史就其本质而言是一部变迁史，鉴于南非历史的演进历程，由于受西方宗教法及欧洲两大法系的影响，南非法随之不断地发展，南非婚姻法的历史亦是如此，并最终形成了传统习惯法与现代成文法、英国普通法与罗马—荷兰法并存的多元法律格局。南非婚姻法律制度的多元化主要体现在婚姻形式的多样性上。随着1998年《习惯婚姻承认法》与2006年《民事结合法》在南非的相继实施，在南非获得法律承认的婚姻形式呈现出了多样性，即民事婚姻、民事结合、习惯婚姻并存。此外，在南非还存在着许多不受普通法保护的婚姻形式，主要是宗教婚姻，如伊斯兰教婚姻、印度教婚姻以及基督教婚姻。这些不同类型的婚姻形式共同构建了南非的婚姻形式。如今，南非公民可以根据自己的意愿缔结不同形式的婚姻，只要符合法律规定的要件，并且他们的权利不会因婚姻形式的不同而有所区别，法律赋予他们同样的保护。南非离婚制度也颇具特色，法定离婚理由在1979年《离婚法》中的规定以及“子女代诉人”制度在1987年《离婚调解法》中的确立，无疑都体现了南非立法机关对妇女及未成年人利益的保护。此外，“司法别居”作为南非曾经独具特色的制度，尽管因为是禁止离婚主义的产物而被废除，但本文认为其仍有适用的意义，尤其在离婚率居高不下的现代社会。夫妻共同财产制作为南非婚姻的法定财产制度，除夫妻双方借助婚前合同加以排除外，直接适用于当事人之间的婚姻关系，而婚前合同作为夫妻双方的合意，其具体内容决定了何种婚姻财产制度的适用，体现了南非法对婚姻当事人意思自治的尊重与保护。南非婚姻法律制度的多法系、多元化的特点，在为南非公民的婚姻权利提供充分保护的同时，，也不可避免地造成了婚姻制度的不统一，最终制约着具体婚姻制度适用，因此南非婚姻法的改革势在必行，实现南非婚姻法的统一将是南非婚姻法未来的发展方向。
[Abstract]:As a kind of social consciousness, the law will continue to develop, with the change of social life in other words, the history of the law itself is a history of changes, the evolution history of South Africa, influenced by Western religious law and two European law, South African law developed continually, is also the case in South Africa the history of marriage law, and eventually formed the traditional customary law and modern statute law, legal pluralism coexist pattern of English common law and Rome law - Holland.
The diversification of marriage legal system in South Africa is mainly reflected in the diversity of marriage form. With the 1998 marriage law > and < custom admit method > < 2006 civil in South Africa have been implemented in the form of marriage, showing a diversity of legal recognition in South Africa, namely civil marriage, civil unions, marriage habits coexist. In addition, in South Africa there are many of the common law protection of marriage form, marriage is the main religion, such as Islam marriage, Hindu marriage and Christian marriage. These different forms of marriage together to build South Africa's marriage form. Today, South African citizens can according to their own will to conclude the different forms of marriage, as long as compliance with the law the elements, and their rights not because marriage forms vary, the law gives them the same protection.
South Africa's divorce system also has its own characteristics, the establishment of legal grounds for divorce in 1979 < > in the divorce law provisions and the "children Proctor" system in 1987 < > in the divorce mediation law, undoubtedly reflects the South African legislature to protect women and minors interests. In addition, the "judicial separation" as South Africa once the unique characteristics of the system, although it was abolished because it is the product of the prohibition of divorce, but we think it is still applicable, especially in the modern society the high divorce rate.
The common property of the couple made for South Africa marriage legal property system, in addition to a couple of prenuptial contract to be excluded, directly applicable to the marital relationship between the parties, and as the couple's antenuptial contract agreement, the specific content is suitable to determine what kind of marital property system, embodies the respect for and protection of South African Law on marriage party autonomy.
Many law of marriage legal system in South Africa, the characteristics of diversification, provide adequate protection at the same time as the South African citizens the right of marriage, also the inevitable result of the disunity of the marriage system, and ultimately restrict the specific application of the institution of marriage, so the South African marriage law reform is imperative, realize the unification of South Africa will be the development of the marriage law the future direction of the marriage law in South Africa.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D947;DD913

【共引文献】