论同性婚姻效力的法律适用

发布时间：2018-03-08 19:03

本文选题：同性婚姻　切入点：法律适用　出处：《西南政法大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在传统的婚姻概念中,婚姻只能是当时社会制度所确认的男女两性之间的结合,根据传统婚姻立法的基本原则,婚姻主体须为异性,但目前这一观念正在面临挑战。随着同性恋权利运动的发展,人们对同性恋者有了更多的了解,政府对同性伴侣的态度也有了改变,在西方国家尤为明显。部分国家开始关注对同性伴侣合法权益的保护,目前已有丹麦、荷兰、德国、法国、英国、西班牙、美国、加拿大等国,通过立法允许同性伴侣结婚或成立伴侣关系,赋予同性伴侣享有等同或类似于异性夫妻在婚姻家庭方面的权益。当今各国人民进行着广泛而频繁的国际人员流动,民事交往不断加强,跨国婚姻大量出现。目前我国婚姻法不允许缔结同性婚姻,其效力问题在国内尚不存在法律层面的争议,但在在国际私法领域,关于同性婚姻效力问题的法律冲突已经形成,并且发生了有关同性婚姻效力问题的案件。随着我国对外开放的深入,我国法律将来也会面临这一问题,因此有必要从理论层面对这一问题加以研究。本文立足于同性婚姻合法化的国际热点,针对国际社会不同立法的态度,结合中国实际,试图论述同性婚姻效力的法律适用问题。文章由四部分构成。第一部分,首先阐述了同性婚姻的涵义,与传统婚姻相比同性婚姻的特点,然后介绍了同性婚姻的发展历史。第二部分主要介绍了国外部分认可同性婚姻的国家关于同性结合的立法现状,比较同性婚姻的不同立法模式及其特点,并分析了各国在同性婚姻效力方面产生法律冲突的原因。第三部分在前两部分的基础上,指出由于目前各国婚姻法在婚姻条件方面的规定不同,在法律适用过程中发生有关同性婚姻效力上的冲突时,公共秩序保留制度的运用问题,以及同性婚姻的识别,准据法的适用,关于同性婚姻判决的承认与执行等问题。第四部分针对同性婚姻在法律适用领域存在的核心问题,笔者提出了在法律适用过程中,解决同性婚姻效力法律冲突问题的看法:对于在外国成立的同性婚姻,在决定是否承认它时,应当看当事人的请求涉及同性身份关系的何种法律效果,是遗产继承还是移民申请等等,区分不同情况对待;同时对涉案同性婚姻还应进行定性分析,将其分为规避婚姻和非规避婚姻,对于规避婚姻可以采用公共秩序保留制度否认其效力,对于非规避婚姻,可以承认同性婚姻的合法性。结语进一步强调了区分不同情况,来确认同性婚姻法律效力的重要性。
[Abstract]:In the traditional concept of marriage, marriage can only be a combination of men and women recognized by the social system at that time. According to the basic principle of traditional marriage legislation, the subject of marriage must be of the opposite sex. But the idea is now facing a challenge. With the development of the gay rights movement, people know more about homosexuals and the attitude of the government towards same-sex couples has changed. This is particularly evident in Western countries. Some countries have begun to pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of same-sex couples. At present, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Britain, Spain, the United States, Canada and other countries, Passing legislation allowing same-sex couples to marry or form partnerships, giving same-sex couples the same or similar rights in marriage and family as heterosexual couples. At present, the marriage law of our country does not allow the conclusion of same-sex marriage, the validity of which is not disputed in the domestic legal level, but in the field of private international law. The conflict of laws on the validity of same-sex marriage has formed, and there have been cases concerning the validity of same-sex marriage. With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, our laws will also face this problem in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to study this issue from the theoretical level. Based on the international hotspot of legalization of same-sex marriage, this paper aims at the different legislative attitudes of the international community and combines the Chinese reality. This article is composed of four parts. The first part expounds the meaning of same-sex marriage and the characteristics of same-sex marriage compared with traditional marriage. Then it introduces the history of same-sex marriage. The second part mainly introduces the legislation status of same-sex marriage in some countries in foreign countries, compares the different legislative models and characteristics of same-sex marriage. The third part, on the basis of the first two parts, points out that because of the different provisions of marriage law in different countries in terms of marital conditions, the third part is based on the former two parts, and analyzes the causes of the conflict of laws in the validity of same-sex marriage in various countries. When there is a conflict about the validity of same-sex marriage in the process of application of the law, the application of the reservation system of public order, the identification of same-sex marriage, and the application of applicable law, In view of the core problems of same-sex marriage in the field of legal application in 4th, the author puts forward that in the process of legal application, Views on resolving conflicts of laws on the validity of same-sex marriage: in deciding whether or not to recognize same-sex marriage established in a foreign country, it is up to the parties to decide on the legal effect of the request relating to the same-sex identity relationship, Whether it is inheritance or immigration application, and so on, it should be treated according to different situations. At the same time, it should also be qualitatively analyzed to divide it into circumvention marriage and non-circumvention marriage. The validity of same-sex marriage can be denied by public order reservation system for circumvention of marriage, and the validity of same-sex marriage can be recognized for non-circumvention marriage. The conclusion further emphasizes the importance of distinguishing different situations to confirm the legal effect of same-sex marriage.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D913.9

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