家事诉讼之比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 05:05

本文选题：家事　切入点：家事案件　出处：《华东政法大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 家事诉讼案件在我国一直存在,但却尚未设置单独的家事诉讼程序,司法实际部门目前主要是依据民事诉讼法、婚姻法以及最高人民法院的司法解释来对相关家事案件进行处理,虽然可以基本应对,但是考虑到家事事件的特殊性,以及对其他国家相关家事诉讼程序的参考,设立单独的家事诉讼程序在我国目前的情况下是十分必要的。家事事件事关社会稳定和公序良俗,与一般财产法上的法律关系不同,它不能完全的由当事人自由处分,而且家事事件更多地涉及感情、亲情、伦理道德和隐私问题,因而我们有必要根据家事事件的不同性质和特点,为其设置相应的诉讼程序,使其遵循不同的程序法例和程序规则,以利于纠纷的处理和当事人权利的维护。普通的诉讼程序不能满足现在家事案件诉讼的要求,主要表现在以下几个方面:首先,普通的诉讼程序严格遵循私权自治的原则,在诉讼中给予当事人较多地自由权和选择权,法院一般不予干预;而家事案件则不完全适用私权自治的规则,其根本原因在于当事人对诉讼标的——身份关系不具有自由处分的权利。其次,家事事件是涉及公私双益的一种社会关系,实体法就此关系作了规定,而无相应的程序法保障,正像某学者所说的,无程序保障之正义是很难实现的,仅有实体法保障的正义在很大程度上只是一句空话,我国目前实体法对婚姻等方面问题有详细的规定,但是诉讼法上没有完全对应的程序,例如婚姻无效之诉等。因此在立法上需要制定一套家事诉讼程序,区别于普通民事诉讼程序。随着社会的不断发展和科学技术的进步,新的纠纷类型层出不穷,以公益、集团纠纷等为代表的现代性诉讼不断显现,有必要将其加以归类梳理,完善我国的家事诉讼制度。本文分四个部分,约34000字,第一部分概述家事诉讼的主要概念,并与其他诉讼程序进行比较;第二部分摘选英美德日这四个英美法系和大陆法系的代表国家的家事诉讼程序进行比较,并从机构设置和程序规则两个方面进行归纳;第三部分从我国古代的家族法诉讼的角度出发,讨论我国古代家族法诉讼和现代家事诉讼的区别与联系,并从中得以启示;第四部分为结论篇,主要是将比较研究的结果应用到我国家事诉讼程序的构建上,对我国家事诉讼程序的构建浅略的提几点建议。
[Abstract]:Family litigation cases exist all the time in our country, but no separate family litigation procedures have been set up yet. At present, the actual judicial departments are mainly based on the Code of Civil procedure. Although the Marriage Law and the judicial interpretation of the Supreme people's Court can deal with the relevant family cases, although they can be basically dealt with, considering the particularity of the family affairs and the reference to the relevant family proceedings in other countries, It is very necessary to set up separate family proceedings under the present circumstances in our country. Family matters are related to social stability and public order and good customs, which are different from the legal relationship in general property law. It cannot be completely punished by the parties concerned freely. Moreover, family affairs involve more feelings, family feelings, ethics and privacy issues. Therefore, it is necessary for us to set up corresponding proceedings for family affairs according to their different nature and characteristics. Make it follow different procedural laws and procedural rules in order to facilitate the handling of disputes and the protection of the rights of the parties. Ordinary proceedings cannot meet the requirements of current family cases, mainly in the following aspects: first, The ordinary litigation procedure strictly follows the principle of private right autonomy, giving the parties more right of freedom and choice in litigation, and the court generally does not interfere, while family cases do not fully apply the rules of private right autonomy. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that the parties do not have the right to dispose freely of the subject-identity relationship. Secondly, the family affairs are a kind of social relationship involving both public and private interests, which is stipulated by the substantive law, but not guaranteed by the corresponding procedural law. As a certain scholar has said, justice without procedural protection is very difficult to achieve. The justice only guaranteed by substantive law is to a great extent empty talk. At present, the substantive law of our country has detailed provisions on marriage and other aspects. However, there are no corresponding procedures in the procedural law, such as the action of nullity of marriage, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a set of family procedure in legislation, which is different from ordinary civil procedure. With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, New types of disputes emerge one after another, and the modern litigation represented by public interest and group disputes is constantly emerging. It is necessary to sort it out and perfect the system of family litigation in our country. This article is divided into four parts, about 34000 words, the first part outlines the main concepts of family litigation, and compared with other proceedings; The second part selects the four Anglo-American legal system and the continental law system to compare the family litigation procedures, and from the two aspects of institutional setting and procedural rules to sum up; The third part discusses the difference and relation between the ancient family law litigation and the modern family law litigation from the angle of the ancient family law litigation in our country, and draws inspiration from it. This paper mainly applies the results of comparative research to the construction of family litigation procedure in China, and puts forward some suggestions on the construction of family litigation procedure in our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D915.2

【引证文献】