从Goodridge案看马萨诸塞州同性婚姻的司法进程

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:12

本文选题：同性婚姻　切入点：马萨诸塞州　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为美国第一个通过司法机构承认同性婚姻的州,马萨诸塞州具有典型性。2003年的Goodridge v. Department of Public Health案正是创造这个历史典型的功臣。本文立足于美国历史上与同性恋、同性恋行为相关的社会、法律背景,在整体历史的框架之下,以马萨诸塞州为一个小的切入点,研究该州同性婚姻在司法上的发展进程。笔者以案例分析的方法,通过对相关案件的研究,揭示马萨诸塞州同性婚姻司法进程中的争议,并从法学的视角对争议点进行分析,考察争议背后各种概念的变化,分析变化的过程、原因以及这些变化带来的影响。本文包括绪论和正文两个部分。绪论部分介绍了本文的写作动机与意义,并对国内外研究现状进行了概述,最后对本文的主要研究对象——Goodridge v.Department of Public Health案的研究材料进行了简介。正文第一部分主要对相关概念进行了分析及界定,具体包括同性恋、婚姻与同性婚姻、家庭与家庭结构这几个概念。其中婚姻定义是分析的重点,因为在包括本案在内的同性婚姻案件中,婚姻定义本身就是争议焦点之一。正文第二部分围绕原被告双方争论的马萨诸塞州政府禁止同性婚姻的法规是否违反州宪法的问题,逐层地进行分析。首先探讨了婚姻的属性问题,其次是审查婚姻法规的标准问题,最后通过典型案例分析了州婚姻法是否违反宪法中的正当程序与平等保护原则。正文第三部分主要对州政府提出的三点辩护理由进行了分析。分别是:异性婚姻是否提供了适合的生育条件;异性婚姻是否保证了抚养孩子的最优环境;异性婚姻是否可以节约个人或州的财产资源。正文第四部分主要论述了Goodridge案对马萨诸塞州同性伴侣的不同层面的影响,包括直接的和间接的影响。文中论述的主要有三方面,即对家庭权力结构、对同性伴侣的权利义务范围以及对州司法机关面对同性婚姻态度的影响。最后是本文的余论部分。余论部分笔者是在本案的研究基础之上,借助对传统的异性婚姻制度是国家、家庭权力结构作用的一种结果的理论剖析,来说明马萨诸塞州同性婚姻的司法发展只是婚姻制度发展的一个阶段,它见证着家庭权力结构的变化、婚姻家庭定义等的变化,这一系列的变化无论是一种进步抑或倒退,都客观存在于人类婚姻史的长河之中。
[Abstract]:As the first state in the United States to recognize same-sex marriage through the judiciary, Massachusetts is typical. The Goodridge v. Department of Public Health case of 2003 was a classic contributor to this history. This paper is based on the social and legal background related to homosexuality and homosexual behavior in American history, and takes Massachusetts as a small entry point under the framework of overall history. This paper studies the judicial development of same-sex marriage in the state. By the method of case study, the author reveals the controversy in the judicial process of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts, and analyzes the controversial points from the perspective of jurisprudence. Examine the changes in concepts behind the controversy, analyze the process, causes, and effects of these changes. This paper includes two parts: introduction and text. The introduction introduces the motivation and significance of this paper, summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad, and finally introduces the research materials of the case of Goodridge v. Department of Public Health. The first part of the text mainly analyzes and defines the related concepts, including homosexuality, marriage and same-sex marriage, family and family structure, among which the definition of marriage is the focus of the analysis. Because in same-sex marriage cases, including this case, the definition of marriage itself is one of the controversies. In the second part of the text, the author analyzes whether the Massachusetts state government forbids same-sex marriage in accordance with the state constitution, and analyzes it layer by layer. First, it discusses the property of marriage. Secondly, it reviews the standard of marriage law, and finally analyzes whether the state marriage law violates the constitutional principle of due process and equal protection through typical cases. The third part of the text mainly analyzes the three defense reasons put forward by the state government. They are: whether heterosexual marriage provides suitable fertility conditions, whether heterosexual marriage guarantees the optimal environment for raising children, and whether heterosexual marriage ensures the optimal environment for raising children. Whether heterosexual marriage can save personal or state property resources. Part 4th mainly discusses the impact of the Goodridge case on same-sex couples in Massachusetts at different levels, including direct and indirect effects. There are three main aspects discussed in this paper, namely, the structure of family power. The scope of rights and obligations for same-sex couples and the impact on state jurisdictions' attitudes towards same-sex marriage. The last part is the conclusion of this paper. Based on the research of this case, the author makes a theoretical analysis of the traditional heterosexual marriage system, which is a result of the function of the state and the family power structure. To illustrate that the judicial development of same-sex marriage in Massachusetts is only a stage in the development of the marriage system. It is witnessing changes in the structure of family power, the definition of marriage and family, whether it is progress or retrogression. Both exist objectively in the long history of human marriage.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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