问题与对策：离婚损害赔偿诉讼的证据规则研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:08

本文选题：离婚　切入点：损害赔偿　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国的离婚损害赔偿制度作为一种离婚救济制度是由2001年修正后的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》确立的,其法律意义体现在该制度填补了新中国有关婚姻损害赔偿制度的立法空白,其积极作用体现在既可以有效制裁离婚损害赔偿诉讼中的过错方同时又可以切实保护无过错方。根据统计分析在离婚损害赔偿诉讼中最核心最关键的问题是无过错方举证问题。在司法实践中,无过错方由于有形证据消失、缺乏目击证人、无法获取证据等诸多原因难以对过错方的过错行为进行有效举证,往往导致无过错方不得不承担赔偿比率过低甚至败诉等后果。从离婚损害赔偿制度立法的初衷来看,无过错方因举证难承担不利的诉讼后果是当初该制度立法者未预料到或不期望看到的。本论文从完善离婚损害赔偿制度目的出发选择离婚损害赔偿诉讼中举证难这一关键问题进行研究,凸显出极其重要的现实意义和一定的理论价值。为解决离婚损害赔偿诉讼中无过错方举证难问题,本论文的第一部分从制度困境层面分析了在我国离婚损害赔偿诉讼中无过错方因取证方式缺乏法律支持、证明标准要求过高、举证责任分配不合理等原因存在举证难问题；第二部分从无过错方私人取证合法性的有条件确认、拓宽无过错方取证途径探讨、完善调查令制度保障无过错方取证等三方面提出了强化无过错方取证法律支持的方法；第三部分探讨了以表见证明、推定证明和利益平衡等理论为基础采取相关措施达到降低无过错方证明标准的目的；第四章提出了在离婚损害赔偿诉讼中法院在举证责任分配上采用举证责任倒置的条件及不得采用举证责任倒置的例外情形。本论文系统的提出了用于解决离婚损害赔偿诉讼举证难问题的具体对策及各种综合措施,对解决无过错方举证难问题、切实保护无过错方、维护婚姻当事人的合法权益、完善我国离婚损害赔偿制度具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:As a system of divorce relief, the system of compensation for divorce damages in China was established by the Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China, which was amended in 2001. Its legal significance is reflected in the fact that the system has filled the legislative gap in the system of compensation for marital damages in New China. Its positive effect can not only sanction the fault party in the lawsuit of divorce damages, but also protect the no-fault party. According to the statistical analysis, the core and the most key problem in the lawsuit of divorce damage compensation is non-past. In judicial practice, Due to the disappearance of tangible evidence, the lack of eyewitnesses and the inability to obtain evidence, it is difficult for the no-fault party to prove the fault behavior of the fault party effectively. It often results in the no-fault party having to bear the consequences such as too low compensation ratio or even losing litigation. From the original intention of the legislation of divorce damage compensation system, It is not expected or expected that the lawmaker of this system did not expect or expect to see the unfavorable litigation consequence of the no-fault party because of the difficulty of proof. This thesis chooses the difficulty of proving in the lawsuit of divorce damages from the aim of perfecting the system of divorce damages. This key issue is studied, Highlights the extremely important realistic significance and certain theory value. In order to solve the problem of the proof of no-fault party in the lawsuit of divorce damages, the first part of this paper analyzes the lack of legal support for the way of obtaining evidence in the lawsuit of divorce damage compensation in our country from the level of system predicament. The reasons such as too high standard of proof, unreasonable distribution of burden of proof and so on, are difficult to prove. The second part discusses how to confirm the legitimacy of private forensics of no-fault party, and to broaden the ways of obtaining evidence by no-fault party. The third part discusses how to strengthen the legal support of the no-fault party to obtain evidence from three aspects, such as perfecting the investigation order system to ensure the no-fault party to obtain evidence. Based on the theory of presumption proof and interest balance, relevant measures are taken to reduce the proof standard of no-fault party. Chapter 4th puts forward the condition that the burden of proof should be reversed in the distribution of the burden of proof in the lawsuit of divorce damages and the exception that the burden of proof should not be reversed. This paper systematically puts forward the concrete countermeasures and various comprehensive measures to solve the difficult problem of adducing proof in the lawsuit for divorce damages, which can effectively protect the no-fault party, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the marriage party, and solve the problem of proof difficulty of the no-fault party, so as to protect the legal rights and interests of the marriage party. It is of great significance to perfect the system of compensation for divorce damages in China.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.9

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