中世纪教会法中的婚姻制度

发布时间：2018-03-16 10:42

本文选题：中世纪　切入点：会法　出处：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 日耳曼人摧毁西罗马帝国登上人类历史舞台后,中世纪的欧洲,政治、文明、科技进入了一个缓慢发展的时代。这个时期的欧洲大陆,封建割据战争频发,没有诞生统一的强大的世俗政权。政治权力和政治机构的社会控制功能相较罗马帝国时期严重倒退,甚至降至文明社会的最低限度。社会和文明的发展进程很大程度是由基督教会来推动,民众生活中最本质最重要的部分也由教会来控制和规制。家庭是社会构成的最基本细胞,婚姻又是组成家庭的至关重要的一环。教会对婚姻的规制,可以影响和控制贵族的生活和政治行为,能达到主导世俗政权的目的,同时也能对民众加以教义的引导和精神控制。婚姻制度是教会法中的一个重要组成部分,教会对性和婚姻的理论,经过长期的发展,最终对现代欧洲的婚姻法理论产生了重大影响。目前我国学术界对教会婚姻法主要采取个案研究、在社会背景下对教会婚姻现象进行解析的研究方法。目前学术界所关注的主要是教会婚姻中的社会伦理价值,如忠诚和责任、教会如何通过对贵族婚姻的规范达到对世俗政权的控制、教会婚姻思想中关于性的矛盾性。本文分析了基督教早期的婚姻理论思想来源,并介绍了教会法关于婚姻本质的认识。以时间为线索探索教会婚姻制度的发展和沿革。论文第一部分主要说明教会法学家对婚姻本质的认识。探讨了基督教会禁欲主义的思想来源和教会对婚姻圣事的最终确立过程。犹太教中的艾塞尼派的禁欲主义思想被早期基督教吸收,成为了基督教的基本教义之一。基督教的基本精神和神学思想也受到了希腊神秘主义的影响。通过对伊壁鸠鲁学说、新柏拉图主义和斯多葛主义在理论上的提炼和表述,基督教建立了灵与肉的二元哲学。上述三大哲学派别的理论也成为基督教禁欲主义原则的思想来源。基督教会一度坚持极端的禁欲主义,不仅要求神职人员禁欲,也要求普通民众严格遵守,导致禁欲主义与世俗大众生活产生了矛盾。奥古斯丁认为普通民众的本能欲望要用婚姻这一圣事加以引导和规制。从而解决了这一矛盾并将婚姻这一基本社会现象纳入到了教会的管理之下。至此,基督教会对普通群众的强制禁欲要求变成了倡导和鼓励禁欲。对教会内部神职人员才严格要求禁欲。基督教会将婚姻纳入自己的管理后,婚姻成为了天主教的七大圣事之一。并将夫妻之间的结合抬高到代表上帝与教堂之间结合的高度。
[Abstract]:The Middle Ages Europe, politics, civilization, and science and technology entered an era of slow development after the Germanic destruction of the West Roman Empire entered the stage of human history. There was no unified and powerful secular regime. The political power and the social control function of the political institutions were more retrogressive than those of the Roman Empire. Even to the minimum of civilized society. The development of society and civilization is largely driven by the Christian Church, and the most essential and important part of people's life is also controlled and regulated by the Church. The family is the most basic cell of society. Marriage is also a vital part of the formation of the family. The church's regulation of marriage can influence and control the life and political behavior of aristocrats and achieve the purpose of dominating the secular regime. The marriage system is an important part of the church law. The church's theory of sex and marriage has developed over a long period of time. Finally, it has a great influence on the theory of marriage law in modern Europe. At present, the academic circles of our country mainly adopt case study on church marriage law. The research method of analyzing church marriage in the social background. At present, the academic circles are mainly concerned with the social ethical values of church marriage, such as loyalty and responsibility. How to control the secular regime through the norms of aristocratic marriage and the contradiction about sex in the church's marriage thought? this paper analyzes the origin of the early Christian marriage theory. It also introduces the understanding of the nature of marriage in the church law and explores the development and evolution of the church marriage system with time as the clue. The first part of the thesis mainly explains the religious jurists' understanding of the nature of marriage, and probes into the ideological source of asceticism in the Christian Church and the final establishment process of the church on the sacrament of marriage. The abstinence owner of the Essenistes in Judaism. The idea of righteousness was absorbed by early Christianity, It became one of the basic doctrines of Christianity. Its basic spirit and theology were also influenced by Greek mysticism. Through the theoretical refinement and expression of Epicurus, Neo-Platonism and stoicism, Christianity has established a dual philosophy of spirit and flesh. The theories of the three philosophical schools mentioned above have also become the ideological source of the Christian asceticism principle. The Christian Church once insisted on extreme asceticism, which required not only the abstinence of the clergy, They also demand that the ordinary people strictly abide by it. Augustine believed that the instinctive desire of ordinary people should be guided and regulated by the sacrament of marriage, thus resolving this contradiction and making marriage a basic society. The elephant was brought under the control of the church. The demands of the Christian Church for abstinence to the ordinary people became the advocacy and encouragement of abstinence. It was the clergy within the Church that strictly required abstinence. After the Christian Church had incorporated marriage into its own administration, Marriage became one of the seven great Catholic sacraments and raised the union between husband and wife to the height of the union between God and the church.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D913

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