从法律层面看宋代妇女再嫁问题

发布时间：2018-03-26 22:16

本文选题：再嫁　切入点：寡妇　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于古代妇女的生活空间主要局限于家庭,所以对婚姻问题的研究便成为研究妇女问题的首要任务,而研究婚姻问题最受人注意的便是是守节与再嫁。两宋是理学产生并逐渐确立的时代,程伊川的“饿死事极小,失节事极大”的惊人之语引来了无数抨击的同时也使得学者们普遍比较关心南宋妇女的守寡与再嫁问题。以往有关宋代妇女再嫁问题的研究,多是从历史学角度展开的。本文拟从妇女再嫁的现象、原因、宋代的礼法规定、再嫁后身份变化以及财产权利等法律层面进行研究。并将包括多数守寡与再嫁妇女在内的宋代中下层妇女纳入整个家族的体系、置于宋代宗法社会的背景下进行分析。第一部分,宋代妇女再嫁现象简述。北宋时期,妇女再嫁较为普遍。上至宗室贵族、朝臣仕宦,下至山野村妇,都享有一定的再嫁权利。世人并不排斥再嫁现象,也不会轻视再嫁妇女。到了南宋,妇女再嫁也不是难事。虽然理学在这时兴起,但其对南宋整个社会生活的影响并不大,只是在宗室和官僚阶层有所体现,至于普通百姓家的妇女,再嫁仍十分平常。值得注意的是,这时期出现了“接脚夫”形式的再嫁方式。第二部分,妇女再嫁的原因。导致宋代妇女再嫁的原因有很多,笔者总结了一下,大致可分为五点。最根本的原因便是土地所有制的发展。由于宋代土地兼并严重,导致许多妇女无地甚至少地,生活无依无靠,为了生存只好再适他人。此外,由于经济的繁荣,金钱崇拜、重利轻义的观念也应运而生,所以商品经济的发展也是促使妇女再嫁的一个重要因素。同时,由于受唐代遗风影响,妇女地位有所提高,且贞节观念比较淡薄,所以妇女在一定程度上可以行使再嫁权。从思想观念上看,理学贞节观念并未给两宋社会带来多大影响,它的预期效果到了明清才成为现实。第三部分,妇女再嫁的法律条件。宋代统治者关于妇女再嫁的法律规定十分宽泛。不仅如此,统治者以及士大夫在行动上也十分支持妇女再嫁,使妇女的再嫁权在一定程度上得到了保障。第四部分,妇女再嫁的法律效果。妇女再嫁后会发生两方面法律效果,一是身份方面的效果；二是财产方面的效果。在身份方面,再嫁妇女与故夫、故夫亲属,甚至与子女之间都会发生改变。在财产方面,由于丧夫妇女没有选择守节,而是选择了再嫁,所以其享有的财产权利就十分有限了。第五部分,礼法、宗族框架下的妇女再嫁评析。这部分是把再嫁妇女的法律权益,置于宋代宗法家族社会的大背景下和宗法家族伦理的框架下进行分析和考察。再嫁妇女法律权利义务的规定则集中反映了中国传统法律的家族“伦理法”特色,深入研究中国传统法律的这一基本特质和基本精神有助于我们对相关法律规范背后的立法意图和思想文化根源的理解。第六部分,结论。尽管宋朝统治者在法律上减少了限制妇女再嫁的规定,而且在社会观念上也为妇女再嫁营造了宽松的氛围,但由于受到宗族伦理以及理学观念的影响,妇女并没有享受到充分的再嫁自由。且寡妇在实际生活中所享有的权利和承担的义务根本无法实现均衡。因此,笔者认为再嫁妇女的地位仍然是相对低下的。
[Abstract]:The ancient women's living space is mainly confined to the family, so the research on marriage has become the primary task of women's studies, and Study on the problems of marriage in most people's attention is chastity and remarriage. The two song Shili emergence and gradually set time, Cheng Yichuan "starvation is minimal, great things Shijie" the amazing speech drew many criticism but also makes scholars more concerned about the women's widowhood and remarriage. Previous studies on remarriage of women in the Song Dynasty, is launched from the perspective of history. This paper intends to reason from the phenomenon of women's remarriage in Song Dynasty, and the law of identity, change and property right after she remarried. The lower legal level and will include the majority of women widowed and remarried women, in the Song Dynasty into the whole family system, under the background of the patriarchal society Analyze it.
The first part of the Song Dynasty. The phenomenon of women's remarriage in Song Dynasty, women's remarriage is more common. The imperial clan nobles, courtiers and officials, mountain village, enjoy certain rights. The world does not exclude the remarriage of remarriage phenomenon, do not underestimate women's remarriage. In the Southern Song Dynasty, women's remarriage is not difficult. Although science in when the rise, but the impact of the social life of the Southern Song Dynasty is not only reflected in the imperial clan and bureaucracy, as for the ordinary people home women, remarriage is still very common. It is worth noting that this period of "porters" in the form of remarriage.
The second part, the reasons of women's remarriage in Song Dynasty. There are many reasons for women's remarriage, the author sums up can be divided into five points. The most fundamental reason is the development of land ownership. Due to the annexation of land is serious, resulting in many women even less, life is helpless, had to adapt in order to survive others. In addition, due to the prosperity of the economy, money worship, materialistic ideas have emerged, so the development of commodity economy is an important factor in prompting females'remarries. At the same time, because of the influence of the Tang Dynasty relic, women's position has improved, and the concept of chastity is relatively weak, so the women to exercise the right of remarriage to a certain extent. From the point of ideology, science, the concept of chastity did not bring much influence to the two Song society, the effect of it to Ming Qingcai is expected to become a reality.
The third part, the legal condition of women's remarriage. The Song Dynasty rulers on women's remarriage law is very broad. Moreover, rulers and literati in action is also very supportive of women's remarriage, women's remarriage rights are guaranteed to a certain extent.
The fourth part, the legal effect of women's remarriage. The legal effect of two aspects of women's remarriage, one is the effect of identity; the two is the property of the effect in terms of identity, and therefore women remarry husband, the husband will change between relatives, even with their children. In terms of property, the widowed women no choice to remarry, but chose to remarry, so their enjoyment of the property rights is very limited.
The fifth part of the clan etiquette, under the framework of women's remarriage. This part is the legal rights and interests of women remarry, and analyses the background under the framework of patriarchal clan society and patriarchal clan ethics. Women's legal rights and obligations of the provisions of remarriage reflect China traditional legal family ethical law the characteristics, in-depth study of the basic characteristics of Chinese traditional law and the basic spirit will help us on the relevant legal norms behind the legislative intent and the origin of thought and culture understanding.
The sixth part, conclusion. Although the Song Dynasty rulers reduced restrictions on women's remarriage in law, but also in the social idea for women's remarriage to create a relaxed atmosphere, but influenced by the clan ethics and science concept, women did not enjoy full freedom. And the widow remarriage in real life to enjoy the rights and obligations cannot achieve equilibrium. Therefore, the author thinks that the married women's status is still relatively low.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D923.9

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