未成年人缔约能力制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 12:00

本文选题：未成年人　切入点：缔约能力　出处：《西南政法大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：未成年人是社会的未来和希望，但由于其身体和心智发育尚未健全，很容易受到外来的伤害。因此，，在法律上设计一些制度来保护未成年人的利益十分必要。民法中的未成年人的缔约能力制度就明显的体现了这种倾向。而我国现今的未成年人缔约能力制度却十分粗糙，抽象，有诸多不足之处，如何继受法治发达国家的理念和制度、并构建具有中国特色的未成年人缔约能力制度，以加快我国民法法典化的进程，是本文的意旨所在。本文共分为五章：第一章为绪论，对未成年人加以界定，并提出了未成年人缔约能力的概念：是指未成年人能够以自己的意思能力独立缔结合同，并享受合同权利和承担合同义务的资格。对其罗马法上的制度起源及意义进行了探讨，并概括了当今主要法系国家的相关制度特点。第二章至第四章为对主流法系国家未成年人缔约能力制度的分析及比较。第二章是对大陆法系典型国家的未成年人缔约能力制度的分析研究，以法国为代表的罗马法系原则上认为未成年人无缔约能力。但在下列情形下具有缔约能力：1、未成年人可以从事家庭法规定的一些事务；2、财产保全行为；3、日常生活中的交易。而对未成年人欺诈合同也认定为有效。另外，未成年人还可以通过结婚或年满16周岁后，依法定程序解除亲权来获得完全缔约能力。在德国法系，将未成年人按年龄又分为无行为能力人和限制行为能力人两个阶段，无行为能力未成年人订立的合同完全无效，限制行为能力未成年人订立的合同是效力待定的；这些合同如果得到其法定代理人的同意，合同自始有效；否则，即为无效合同。在合同效力未定时，合同善意相对人可撤销合同。德国法系也规定了一些例外，在符合这些例外时，承认未成年人的缔约能力，其订立的合同为有效合同：1、纯获法律上利益的行为。2、立即生效的行为，包括根据“零用钱条款”订立的合同和其法定代理人允许的营业行为，以及法定代理人授权他与别人发生雇佣或劳务关系后与之相关的合同行为。3、中性行为，即不会产生法律上的利益，也不会产生法律上的不利益的行为。相比之下，德国法系的对未成年人的保护更为周全细致，不像法国法系那样承认未成年人欺诈合同的效力，尽管二者在对未成年人合同的后果处理上是类似的。第三章是对英美法系(以英国和美国为例)的未成年人缔约能力制度的分析。英美法的一般原则是：未成年人一般不受其所缔结的合同的约束。当然还是有些例外，这类合同是生活必需品合同以及于未成年人有利益的合同。英美法
[Abstract]:Minors are the future and hope of society, but because their physical and mental development is not yet sound, they are vulnerable to external injury.Therefore, it is necessary to design some legal system to protect the interests of minors.The system of underage contracting ability in civil law obviously reflects this tendency.However, the current system of underage contracting capacity in our country is very rough, abstract, and has many deficiencies. How to follow the concept and system of developed countries ruled by law, and how to construct the system of underage contracting capacity with Chinese characteristics,In order to speed up the process of codification of civil law in China, is the purpose of this article.This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the introduction, which defines the minors, and puts forward the concept of the minors' contracting capacity: it means that the minors can conclude contracts independently with their own ability of meaning.And enjoy the contractual rights and contractual obligations of the qualifications.This paper probes into the origin and significance of its Roman law system, and generalizes the relevant institutional characteristics of the main legal system countries.The second to fourth chapters are the analysis and comparison of the system of underage contracting capacity in mainstream legal system.The second chapter is the analysis and research on the system of juvenile contracting capacity in typical countries of continental law system. The Roman law system, represented by France, thinks that minors have no contracting capacity in principle.But under the following circumstances: 1, a minor may engage in some of the matters prescribed by the family law, property preservation acts, and transactions in daily life.And the minor fraud contract is also recognized as valid.In addition, minors can obtain full contracting capacity through marriage or after 16 years of age.In German legal system, the minors are divided into two stages according to their age: the person with no capacity and the person with limited capacity. The contract concluded by the minor with no capacity is null and void, and the contract concluded by the minor with limited capacity is valid to be determined.These contracts, if agreed by their legal representatives, are valid from the outset; otherwise, they are void.In case the validity of the contract is not determined, the contract may be revoked by the bona fide counterpart of the contract.The German legal system also provides for a number of exceptions, which, subject to these exceptions, recognize the capacity of a minor to conclude a contract that is valid contract: 1, acts exclusively of legal interest, with immediate effect,Including the contract concluded under the "pocket money clause" and the business activities permitted by his legal representative, as well as the contractual act. 3. Neutral acts related to him after he is authorized by his legal agent to have an employment or labor relationship with another person,There will be neither legal interests nor acts of legal uninterest.In contrast, the protection of minors in the German legal system is more comprehensive and meticulous, unlike the French law system, which does not recognize the validity of the juvenile fraud contract, although the two are similar in dealing with the consequences of the minor contract.The third chapter is the analysis of the system of underage contracting capacity in Anglo-American law system (taking England and America as an example).The general principle of Anglo-American law is that minors are generally not bound by the contract they conclude.There are, of course, exceptions. These are contracts for necessities and for the benefit of minors.Anglo-American law
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D913

【引证文献】