论父母照护权制度在我国的构建

发布时间：2018-04-04 11:14

本文选题：父母照护权　切入点：亲权　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：父母照护权制度是大陆法系各国民法中调整亲子关系的重要内容,也是现代亲子关系法律制度的主要内容。父母照护权制度，随着社会的发展而不断的完善，内容也随着时代的变迁而更加充实。父母照护权制度是由亲权制度演化而来的，父母照护权与亲权相比，更具时代特色，更符合现代法制的理念。我国没有规定父母照护权，但是社会中存在着很多关系未成年人切身利益的问题，比如有的父母经常虐待子女，严重的体罚，甚至逼迫子女走上犯罪的道路。针对这些问题，我国现行法律的空白，，表明了我国构建父母照护权的必要性。现代法制语境下的父母照护权制度，强调的更多的是父母应尽的义务，而不是古代亲权制度中的子女对家长权力的从属。我国的现行立法，采用监护制度吸收父母照顾权制度的方式来规范亲子关系，二者虽有相似之处，但区别也是很明显的。在保护未成年人利益的呼声越来越高的当代社会，我国有必要建立父母照护权制度。本文分为三个部分加以阐述：本文的第一部分阐述了父母照顾权制度的概念、特征、历史沿革及其与监护制度的区别。父母照顾权与监护保护的是不同的法益，二者有本质上的区别。父母照护权在调整对象上具有其本身所特有的功能，能够更好地维护家庭的和谐与稳定。通过对法律特征的阐述，历史沿革的分析，指出其具有权利与义务的双重属性，为进一步研究夯实了基础。第二部分论述了我国亲子监护立法现状及构建我国的父母照顾权制度的必要性，在这一部分中论述了我国亲子监护的立法现状，指出我国现行亲子监护制度存在的问题有以下几点：没有区分监护和父母照顾权；内容概括简单；没有将为子女利益作为判定父母离婚后父母照护权归属的最高原则；没有建立与完善相应的监督和救济机制。通过对现状的分析，阐述了我国现行亲子监护制度的对于保护未成年人和精神病人的合法权益的重要意义以及其对于亲子关系调整的不足之处，进而分析了我国构建父母照护权制度的必要性。第三部分论述了构建我国父母照顾权制度的建议。在明确构建父母照护权的框架结构后，笔者论述了构建我国的父母照顾权制度应遵循的指导原则；在正确原则的指导下，充实父母照护权制度的内容，明确父母照护权的各种权能。随后笔者阐述了父母照护权的变动体系，说明了在构建我国的父母照护权时，应明确父母照护权的丧失与消灭的规定，在最后一部分笔者提出在构建父母照护权制度时应建立有效的监督机制，以保障法律的落实。
[Abstract]:The system of parental care right is an important part of the adjustment of parent-child relationship in the civil law of various countries in continental law system, and it is also the main content of the modern legal system of parent-child relationship.With the development of the society, the system of parental care right is constantly perfected and the content is enriched with the change of the times.The system of parental care right evolved from the parental right system. Compared with parental right, parental care right is more characteristic of the times and more in line with the concept of modern legal system.China does not stipulate the right of parental care, but there are many problems related to the vital interests of minors in the society, such as some parents often abuse their children, severe corporal punishment, or even forced their children to take the road of crime.In view of these problems, the blank of our country's current law indicates the necessity of constructing the parental care right in our country.The system of parental care in the context of modern legal system emphasizes more on the duties of parents than on the subordination of children to parental power in the ancient system of parental authority.The current legislation of our country adopts the guardianship system to absorb the parental care right system to regulate the parent-child relationship, although the two have similarities, but the difference is also very obvious.It is necessary to establish the system of parental care right in the contemporary society where the voice of protecting the interests of minors is increasing.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part of this paper expounds the concept, characteristics, historical evolution of parental care right system and the difference between parental care right system and guardianship system.Parental care right and guardianship protection are different legal interests.The right of parental care has its own function in adjusting the object and can better maintain the harmony and stability of the family.By expounding the legal characteristics and analyzing the historical evolution, it is pointed out that it has the dual attributes of right and duty, which lays a solid foundation for further research.The second part discusses the current situation of parent-child guardianship legislation and the necessity of constructing the system of parental care rights in China. In this part, it discusses the legislative status of parent-child guardianship in China.It points out that the problems of the current parental and child custody system in China are as follows: there is no distinction between guardianship and parental care rights, the content is simple, the interests of children are not regarded as the highest principle to determine the ownership of parental care right after parents divorce;It has not established and perfected the corresponding supervision and relief mechanism.Based on the analysis of the present situation, this paper expounds the significance of the current system of parent-child guardianship in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors and mental patients, as well as its deficiencies in the adjustment of parent-child relationship.Then it analyzes the necessity of constructing the parental care right system in China.The third part discusses the suggestion of constructing the system of parental care right in China.After clearly constructing the frame structure of parental care right, the author discusses the guiding principles to be followed in the construction of parental care right system in China, and enriches the content of parental care right system under the guidance of correct principles.Define the various powers of parental care.Then the author expounds the changing system of parental care right, and explains that the loss and elimination of parental care right should be made clear when constructing the parental care right in our country.In the last part, the author puts forward that an effective supervision mechanism should be set up in the construction of parental care right system in order to ensure the implementation of the law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.8;D922.1

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