离婚扶养制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 14:04

本文选题：离婚扶养制度　切入点：基本理论　出处：《西南政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：离婚经济帮助制度是我国婚姻法的重要内容之一,实践证明,该制度在保障离婚弱者方面发挥着离婚补偿制度、离婚损害赔偿制度以及夫妻财产分割制度不可替代的作用。在现有社会保障制度不健全的情况,完善我国的离婚经济帮助能够更好地为离婚弱者提供法律救济。同时,婚姻家庭编是民法典的重要部分,建立完善的婚姻家庭制度对于民法典的制定非常重要。因此,本文拟对国外的离婚扶养制度和我国的离婚经济帮助制度进行理论上的探讨,以便为完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提供理论上的参考。我国1980年婚姻法规定了离婚时对生活困难一方的经济帮助制度,该法规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应当给予适当的经济帮助。”2001年修订的《婚姻法》增补规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应从其住房等个人财产中给予适当帮助。”修订的婚姻法增加了从住房等方面给以经济帮助这一提示性规定,符合我国传统的婚居方式,对我国人民法院依法解决大部分离婚妇女无住房的实际困难,具有较大的现实意义。但是,通过对国外离婚扶养制度进行比较分析,笔者认为我国的离婚经济帮助制度存在以下一些不足:第一,由于我国离婚经济帮助制度规定过于原则,缺乏可操作性,在许多情况下,法院没有法定的判决标准,导致法律适用的不统一;第二,我国经济帮助的条件过于苛刻,请求经济帮助的时间限制过严,判断是否需要帮助的标准太低;第三,经济帮助协议中的完全自由主义不利于保护弱者利益;第四,经济帮助的数额、期限以及方式不具体;第五,经济帮助费用执行的保障措施存在不足,一些当事人的离婚经济帮助费难以得到执行;第六,没有规定变更和终止离婚经济帮助的法定情形。据调查,在我国,请求离婚时经济帮助的多为女性,有的地方甚至达到90%以上,由于现有的离婚经济帮助制度存在以上不足,很大一部分妇女并不能获得离婚时的经济帮助,或者判决的经济帮助数额偏低,导致一些离婚女性贫困化,离该制度保障弱者的宗旨相差甚远。在国外,许多国家建立起了完备的离婚扶养制度,其规定无疑对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度有着重要的借鉴意义。有鉴于此,本文拟运用比较分析的方法兼社会性别分析方法对离婚扶养制度送行理论上的探讨,对国外的离婚扶养制度进行比较、分析和总结,并对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提出立法建议,
[Abstract]:The financial aid system of divorce is one of the important contents of our country's marriage law. It has been proved by practice that the system plays an irreplaceable role in protecting the weak of divorce, the system of compensation for divorce damages and the system of separating property between husband and wife.In the current situation of imperfect social security system, improving the economic help of divorce in China can better provide legal relief for the divorced weak.At the same time, marriage and family compilation is an important part of civil code, and it is very important to establish perfect marriage and family system.Therefore, this article intends to carry on the theoretical discussion to the foreign divorce support system and our country divorce economic assistance system, in order to provide the theory reference for the consummation our country divorce economic help system.The 1980 Marriage Law of China provides for a system of financial assistance to one of the parties in need of life in the event of divorce. The law states: "in the event of divorce, if one party is in difficulty in life,The other party shall give appropriate financial assistance. "the Marriage Act, as amended in 2001, provides that" in the event of divorce, if one party is in difficulty in life, the other party shall give appropriate assistance from his or her personal property, such as housing. "The revised Marriage Law increases the indicative provision of economic assistance from housing and other aspects, conforms to the traditional way of marriage and housing in our country, and solves the practical difficulties of the majority of divorced women without housing in our country's people's courts in accordance with the law.It is of great practical significance.However, through the comparative analysis of the foreign divorce support system, the author thinks that there are some shortcomings in our divorce economic aid system: first, because the provisions of the divorce economic aid system in our country are too principled, it is lack of maneuverability.In many cases, the courts do not have the legal judgment standard, leading to the inconsistent application of the law; second, the conditions of economic assistance in our country are too harsh, the time limit for requesting economic help is too strict, and the standard for judging whether or not assistance is needed is too low;Third, complete liberalism in the economic aid agreement is not conducive to protecting the interests of the weak; fourth, the amount, duration and manner of economic assistance are not specific; and fifth, there are insufficient safeguards for the implementation of economic assistance costs.Some parties' divorce financial aid fees are difficult to enforce; sixthly, there is no provision for changing and terminating the legal situation of divorce financial aid.According to a survey, in our country, women are the majority of people who request financial assistance at the time of divorce, and some places even reach more than 90%. Due to the above deficiencies in the existing financial assistance system for divorce, a large proportion of women are not able to obtain financial assistance at the time of divorce.Or the amount of financial aid is low, leading to poverty of some divorced women, far from the purpose of the system to protect the weak.In foreign countries, many countries have established a complete divorce support system, its provisions undoubtedly have an important reference significance to improve our divorce economic help system.In view of this, this paper intends to use the method of comparative analysis and social gender analysis to discuss the theory of divorce and support system, and to compare, analyze and summarize the system of divorce support abroad.And put forward legislative suggestions to perfect the economic aid system of divorce in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D923.9

【引证文献】