我国代孕合法化问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 19:39

本文选题：代孕　切入点：合法化　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：代孕为众多不孕家庭带来生育希望,同时,一系列由非法代孕衍生的问题也成为法律界不可忽视的现象。我国规制代孕的法律和行政法规尚属空白,导致法律界对其合法化问题争论不休,司法裁判中缺乏统一的裁判尺度,渴望借助代孕生育的不孕夫妇的生育权得不到保障。随着“全面二孩”政策的推行以及主流媒体的报道讨论,代孕合法化已成为中国民众口中的热点话题。因此,我国立法机构应当回应民众的法律需求关切,为解决代孕引起的现实问题提供法律依据。正文分六个部分:第一章是问题的提出。通过回顾“全国首例因代孕引起的监护权纠纷案”,分析得出由于中国代孕法律规制不足,以及法官对此类案件处理缺乏统一的评价尺度,导致该案一、二审截然不同的判决结果;回顾“中国首例冷冻胚胎继承权纠纷案”,在胚胎归属问题解决后,后续能否在胚胎保管期内尝试代孕是亟待解决的问题,突出了探讨我国代孕合法化问题的现实性与紧迫性。第二章是代孕概念的界定。具体介绍代孕的概念、活动主体和代孕的分类。第三章是我国代孕合法化的困境。从立法、司法和社会三个层面分析导致我国代孕合法化困境存在的原因。代孕法律位阶过低、裁判中代孕协议性质认定不一与公序良俗原则阻碍代孕合法化是上述困境存在的主要原因。第四章是代孕合法与否的域外考察。考察域外采取代孕合法化模式与禁止代孕合法化模式国家,其立法模式呈现出的特点:一是代孕立法规制从无到有;二是有限开放与禁止商业化是主流模式。通过考察域外立法模式,从而总结域外立法经验对我国的启示并提出本文观点。第五章是代孕在我国应当合法化。分别从法律层面与社会层面论证代孕合法化的依据,在法律层面上,代孕合法化是对公民权利的保护和对公平正义的追求;在社会层面上,代孕合法化表现更大的比较优势,体现了对病患的最大利益保护,从而为我国代孕合法化提供法律和现实依据。第六章是我国代孕制度的构建。本章试图通过代孕制度的构建,完善代孕法律规制,将代孕活动纳入到法制轨道上,从而获得促进依法治国、维护司法公正和保障公民生育权利的良好效果。
[Abstract]:Surrogacy brings fertility hope to many infertile families. At the same time, a series of problems arising from illegal surrogacy have become a phenomenon that can not be ignored by the legal profession.The laws and administrative regulations to regulate surrogacy in our country are still blank, which leads the legal profession to argue about the legalization of surrogacy, the lack of a unified judgment criterion in the judicial decision, and the lack of protection of the reproductive rights of infertile couples eager to have a surrogate pregnancy.With the implementation of the "comprehensive two-child" policy and mainstream media reports, the legalization of surrogacy has become a hot topic in the Chinese public.Therefore, the legislature of our country should respond to the legal needs of the public and provide legal basis for solving the practical problems caused by surrogacy.The text is divided into six parts: the first chapter is the question of the proposed.By reviewing the "first custody dispute caused by surrogacy in China", the analysis shows that the lack of legal regulation on surrogacy in China and the lack of unified evaluation criteria for the handling of such cases by judges lead to the first case.The outcome of the second trial was very different; reviewing the first dispute over the succession of frozen embryos in China, after the issue of embryo ownership has been resolved, whether or not to try surrogate during the embryo custody period is an urgent problem to be solved.It highlights the reality and urgency of discussing the legalization of surrogacy in China.The second chapter is the definition of surrogate pregnancy.The concept of surrogacy, the main body of activity and the classification of surrogate pregnancy are introduced in detail.The third chapter is the dilemma of the legalization of surrogacy in China.This paper analyzes the causes of the dilemma of the legalization of surrogacy in China from the three aspects of legislation, judicature and society.The legal order of surrogacy is too low, the nature of surrogacy agreement is different and the principle of public order and good custom hinders the legalization of surrogacy.The fourth chapter is the extraterritorial investigation of surrogate pregnancy.This paper investigates the characteristics of the legislative model of adopting the mode of legalization of surrogacy and prohibiting the legalization of surrogate pregnancy abroad: the first is the legislative regulation of surrogate pregnancy from scratch; the other is the mainstream mode of limited openness and prohibition of commercialization.By investigating the mode of extraterritorial legislation, this paper summarizes the enlightenment of foreign legislative experience to our country and puts forward the point of view of this paper.The fifth chapter is that surrogacy should be legalized in our country.On the legal level, the legalization of surrogacy is the protection of the civil rights and the pursuit of fairness and justice. In the social level, the legalization of surrogacy shows a greater comparative advantage.It provides legal and practical basis for the legalization of surrogacy in China.The sixth chapter is the construction of surrogate system in China.This chapter attempts to perfect the legal regulation of surrogacy through the construction of surrogate system, bring surrogate activities into the legal orbit, and thus obtain the good effect of promoting the rule of law, safeguarding judicial justice and safeguarding citizens' reproductive rights.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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