论有限责任公司股权的非协议转让

发布时间：2018-04-10 15:24

本文选题：有限责任公司 + 股权　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文试从股权转让的概念、性质、分类入手,以引起有限责任公司股权非协议转让的几种情形为依托,结合《继承法》、《担保法》、《婚姻法》等法律的规定,对每种情形中的焦点法律问题进行阐述分析,并相应地提出了解决问题的观点和思路。论文的基本构架为四部分：第一部分——有限责任公司股权非协议转让的基本理论。对股权转让的概念、分类作简要介绍,在此基础上提出股权非协议转让的概念及可行性。这一部分为全文的论述构建了一个理论基础。第二部分——有限责任公司股权的非协议转让情形。这是本文的焦点。新《公司法》对股权的继承问题和强制转让问题进行了补充规定,但仍存在一定缺陷,有需要进行完善之处：“股东资格”具有人身专属性,是不能被继承的,只能是继承人“取得”股东资格,而且应当按照公司法第72条经其他股东过半数同意的规定执行；因继承导致股东人数超过50人时,无需变更公司组织形式；公司章程不能否定继承人继承财产性权利的资格。强制执行股权时,股东可以在拍卖底价的基础上行使优先购买权。新《公司法》没有规定的几种股权转让情形：对于股权出质的问题,针对实践中存在争议的两个问题：股权质押是否需要经“其他股东过半数同意”和股权设质需要在公司内部股东名册上进行记载还是到工商局办理登记提出自己的观点,认为：股权在设质时无须经其他股东过半数同意,但当设质的股权被折价、拍卖、变卖前,应适用现行公司法有关股权转让的规定；股权的出质情况应该在工商行政管理局进行登记,使出质人在质押期限内私自转让出质的股权或重复出质的恶意行为不能实施。对于因离婚而导致的股权分割问题,最高人民法院的司法解释对夫妻间无法达成一致时并没有规定,此种情形下应该通过公开竞价的方式确定股权的归属,由报价最高的一方享有,同时给对方相应的经济补偿。当双方均不愿取得公司股权时,可将股权转让后由夫妻双方对转让价款进行分割,或者对公司资产进行评估,由股东方给予另一方相应的经济补偿第三部分——非协议股权转让中股权变更登记的效力。对股权非协议转让所必需的两个登记：公司内部股东名册变更登记和公司外部工商变更登记进行逐一分析,总结出：合法的股东名册变更是股权转让生效的根本原因,工商变更登记起到向社会公示的作用,产生对抗第三人的效力。
[Abstract]:This paper tries to start with the concept, nature and classification of equity transfer, relying on several circumstances that cause non-agreed transfer of equity in limited liability companies, and combining with the provisions of the Law of succession, the Law of guarantee, the Law of Marriage, and other laws, such as the law of inheritance, the Law of guarantee, the Law of Marriage, and so on.The focus legal problems in each case are expounded and analyzed, and the viewpoints and ideas to solve the problems are put forward accordingly.The basic framework of the thesis is four parts:The first part-the basic theory of non-agreement transfer of stock right in limited liability company.This paper briefly introduces the concept and classification of equity transfer, and then puts forward the concept and feasibility of non-agreement transfer.This part constructs a theoretical basis for the full text of the discussion.Part II-non-agreement transfer of equity in limited liability company.This is the focus of this article.The new Company Law provides supplementary provisions on the inheritance and compulsory transfer of shares, but there are still some defects that need to be improved: "shareholder qualification" has a personal specificity and cannot be inherited.Only the heirs can "acquire" the qualification of shareholders, and they shall be executed in accordance with the provisions of Article 72 of the Company Law, with the consent of a majority of the other shareholders; if the number of shareholders due to inheritance exceeds 50, there is no need to change the organizational form of the company;The articles of association cannot negate the right of heirs to inherit property rights.When enforcing equity, shareholders may exercise the preemptive right on the basis of the opening price of the auction.The new Company Law does not provide for several cases of equity transfer: the issue of equity pledge,There are two controversial issues in practice: whether the pledge of shares needs to be agreed by more than half of the other shareholders, and whether the pledge of shares should be recorded on the register of shareholders within the company or register with the Bureau of Industry and Commerce to put forward its own views.The pledge of stock rights should be registered in the Administration of Industry and Commerce, so that the malicious act of transferring the pledged shares privately or repeating the pledge within the time limit of the pledge can not be carried out.The judicial interpretation of the Supreme people's Court did not stipulate that the ownership of the shares should be determined by means of public bidding in the event that the husband and wife could not reach an agreement on the issue caused by the divorce.The highest bidder shall be entitled to the same amount of financial compensation as the other party.When both parties are unwilling to acquire shares in the company, they may divide the transfer price by the spouses after the transfer, or assess the company's assets, and the shareholders will give the other party corresponding financial compensation.The third part-the effect of registration of stock right change in non-agreement equity transfer.This paper analyzes the two registers necessary for the non-agreed transfer of shares: the registration of the change of the register of shareholders inside the company and the registration of industrial and commercial changes outside the company one by one, and concludes that the legal change of the register of shareholders is the fundamental reason for the validity of the transfer of shares.The industrial and commercial change registration plays the role of publicity to the society and produces the effectiveness against the third party.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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