家暴防治中的人身安全保护令制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:15

本文选题：人身安全保护令 + 立法背景　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国大约有三亿个家庭,其中有约百分之二十五的家庭存在家庭暴力现象,每年因家庭暴力而解体的就有近十万个。数以万计的家暴受害者生活在水深火热之中,他们迫切需要国家出台一部科学有效的法律,作为保护自身合法权益的坚实后盾,由此新法应运而生。中国第一部有关防治家庭暴力的专门法律——《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》于2015年12月27日表决通过,并于2016年3月1日正式实施。此法的出台,打破了传统的“法不入家门”思想,使自古以来清官难断的家务事变得有国法可依。《反家庭暴力法》虽然只有三十八个法律条文,但其内容十分丰富,并且融入了西方国家的一些先进制度,具有划时代的意义。这部法律中最大的亮点——人身安全保护令制度,受到全社会的广泛关注,同时也为法律进入家门,公权力介入私人领域提供了法律依据,更加为有效保护家暴受害者的人身权益提供了法律的保障。本文共有五大部分,通过介绍人身安全保护令制度的主要规定及特点,深入研究人身安全保护令的制度价值,并通过新法颁布近一年以来的司法实践和一些现实案例,以及与域外国家或地区关于人身安全保护令的比较,探讨此制度的实施以来存在的一些问题,提出一些完善的设想,以期能够更好地保护家暴受害人的权益。第一部分主要介绍了人身安全保护令的概念和特点,以及保护令的历史渊源和发展历程。保护令作为一种临时性保护措施,为了适应家庭暴力行为的特点,具有预防性、被动性、强制性、快速反应性等特征。新法颁布前,我国有关人身保护令的制度还不够完善,所以在本文第一部分,对此制度的立法背景作了详细的介绍,并且分析了立法的迫切性与必要性。第二部分对人身安全保护令制度的主要规定与内容做了简要地介绍,以及这些规定所包含的制度价值。《反家庭暴力法》中专章规定了人身安全保护令制度,主要从申请主体、申请条件、管辖法院、保护措施、有效期限、送达执行以及法律责任等方面作出了规定,具有预防暴力发生,震慑施暴人,及时保护受害人权益等功能。第三部分主要通过分析《反家庭暴力法》实施一年以来各地的司法实践,总结出人身安全保护令在实施过程中存在的一些问题。新法实施以来,虽然取得了一定成效,大大保护了家暴受害人,但是仍然存在一些不可忽视的困境与弊端。例如:保护措施规定较为单一,受害人举证困难,缺乏对未成年人保护的规定等,尤其是由法院作为执行机关存在较为严重的执行困难,达不到应有的执行效果,不得不引起深思。第四部分通过对域外有关人身保护令制度的规定,根据其实施效果,分析其中的利与弊,筛选出符合我国国情的有效措施,有选择、有针对性地进行学习与借鉴。立法之路困难重重,我们需要虚心求教,将外国在家暴防治过程中的有益经验,转化为适合我国国情的措施,只有这样才能不断完善我国的法律制度,达到良好的治世效果。第五部分论述了笔者对于完善我国人身安全保护令制度的一些设想,并且根据我国国情,提出一些较为切实可行的完善措施。家庭暴力现象十分普遍,防治家庭暴力是一项长期而又复杂的工程,不可能一蹴而就。不仅需要法律制度的不断完善,更需要社会各界的共同努力和协同配合,只有这样才能从根本上解决家庭矛盾,杜绝暴力行为,维护家庭和谐和稳定社会秩序。立法之路历尽艰辛,修法之路任重而道远。法治之路漫漫,吾将上下而求索。只有家庭安定了,社会才能稳定和谐,反家庭暴力法的作用着实不可小觑,因此需要全社会的共同努力,我们每个人都有责任,对完善我国的法律制度贡献出自己的一份力量。
[Abstract]:China about three hundred million families, of which about twenty-five percent of the families there is the phenomenon of family violence, family violence and the disintegration of the year because there are nearly one hundred thousand. Tens of thousands of domestic violence victims living in dire straits, they urgently need to adopt a scientific and effective national laws, as a solid backing to protect their legal rights, the new law came into being China. First the domestic violence prevention laws -- "People's Republic of China anti domestic violence law in December 27, 2015 vote, and formally implemented in March 1, 2016. This method has broken the traditional thought of" law in the house, so since ancient times difficult to clean house incident have laws. According to the law against family violence "although only thirty-eight legal provisions, but its content is very rich, and into some advanced western countries The system is of epoch-making significance. The biggest highlight of this law, the personal safety protection order system, by the attention of the whole society, but also to enter the house for the law, public power to intervene in the private field to provide a legal basis, provides legal guarantee for more effective protection of the rights and interests of victims of domestic violence in this paper. There are five parts, the main provisions of the safety protection system and characteristics of the reference value of the system, in-depth study of the personal safety protection order, and through the promulgation of new judicial practice in nearly a year and some real cases, as well as with foreign countries or regions on the personal safety protection order, some problems since the implementation of this system, puts forward some improvement ideas, in order to better protect the rights of victims of domestic violence. The first part mainly introduces the personal safety protection order shall Concept and characteristics, and the protection of the historical origin and development of the protection order. As a temporary protection measures, in order to adapt to the characteristics of domestic violence, with preventive, passive, mandatory, quick response and so on. The characteristics of the Chinese people before the promulgation of personal protection order system is still not perfect so, in the first part, the legislative background of this system is introduced in detail, and analyzes the urgency and necessity of legislation. The main provisions of the system and content of the second part of the human body safety protection are briefly introduced, and the rules contained in the value system of law against domestic violence. "Secondary chapter provides personal safety protection order system, mainly from the main application, application conditions, under the jurisdiction of the court, protective measures, effective period, service execution and other aspects of legal liability provisions, with the prevention of violence, earthquake People fear violence, to protect the rights of the victim and other functions. The third part mainly through judicial practice over a year since the implementation of anti family violence law > < analysis, summed up the personal safety protection order some problems existing in the implementation process. Since the implementation of the new law, although has made certain achievements, greatly protect the victim of domestic violence. But there are still some difficulties and problems can not be ignored. For example: the protection measures are single, victims of the difficulties of proof, the lack of regulations on the protection of minors, especially by the court as the executive organ is serious implementation difficulties, to achieve their performance, have to cause reflection. In the fourth part, through the provision of the extraterritorial related system of habeas corpus, according to the implementation effect, analysis the advantages and disadvantages of screening out effective measures according to the situation of our country have a choice, targeted into For learning and reference. The legislation of the difficulties, we need to ask, will the foreign domestic violence prevention in the process of beneficial experience, into measures suited to China's national conditions, the only way to improve the legal system of our country, and achieve good effect. The fifth part discusses the author to perfect our people personal safety protection order some ideas, and according to our country, put forward some feasible improvement measures. Family violence is a common phenomenon, domestic violence prevention is a long-term and complex project, not overnight. Not only the continuous improvement of the legal system, it needs joint efforts of all sectors of society and coordination and the only way to fundamentally resolve family conflicts, eliminate violence, maintaining family harmony and stability of the social order. The legislative way through hardships, road repair method is A long way to go. The rule of the road is long, I will seek. Only the stability of the family, to social stability and harmony, the role of anti family violence law is underestimated, therefore needs the joint efforts of the whole society, each of us has the responsibility to improve the legal system of our country to contribute to a force.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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