我国婚内侵权民事责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 08:15

本文选题：婚内侵权 + 民事责任　；参考：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文共分为四部分:一是婚内侵权及其民事责任制度研究的必要性。婚姻是一种世俗化的伦理结合,婚姻关系存续期间产生夫妻之间的侵权行为甚至更为严重的反社会行为,在所难免。本文所称婚内侵权,是指在婚姻关系存续期间发生在夫妻之间的侵权行为,可以划分为两部分即婚内侵害人身权益和婚内侵害财产权益。反对婚内侵权诉讼的观点有一定道理,例如,婚内侵权由道德规范予以调整以及婚内侵权诉讼不利于家庭和谐等,但都较为片面,难以成立。婚内侵权的法律规制是我国婚姻法基本原则的体现,有利于维护对婚内弱势一方的人身权益和财产权益,营造健康、和谐和充满温暖的家庭关系,有利于社会正义的彰显。二是婚内侵权民事责任的研究基础。我国目前婚姻家庭立法并未明确规定婚内侵权问题,这是婚内侵权案件得不到解决的重要原因。宪法、民法通则、婚姻法、侵权责任法等皆不存在受理婚内侵权诉讼的障碍。相关司法解释值得反思,司法解释的制定不仅要合乎法律精神,更应当与我国国情吻合。英美法系和大陆法系主要国家对婚内侵权都有专门规定且体系完备。婚内侵权诉讼制度的建立,既符合我国国情,又有利于保护弱势群体。三是婚内侵权民事责任及其立法完善。婚内侵权民事责任是指在婚姻关系存续期间,夫妻一方因重大过失或故意违法实施侵害或有妨害另一方合法民事权益的行为并造成另一方人身或财产损害或合法民事权益受妨害应对受害人承担的民事责任。在未来民法典婚姻家庭法编中应当规定:在婚姻关系存续期间,夫妻一方故意或重大过失以下列方式严重侵害对方人身或财产权益,应当依法承担相应的侵权责任,造成配偶严重精神损害的,还应当承担相应的损害损害赔偿责任:(一)侵害配偶姓名权、人身自由权、身体健康权、性自主权、名誉权、生育权、隐私权等人格权益;(二)不履行同居义务、不告知有影响生育的生理疾病或性传染病等疾病历史的;(三)拒不履行扶养义务、侵权配偶一方合法财产权益的;(四)其他严重侵害配偶合法权益的行为。同时规定非常财产制、调解原则和婚内侵权诉讼时效。四是婚内侵权民事责任的司法规则完善。在目前现有的法律和司法解释规定的框架里,婚内侵权诉讼并未是一块禁地。法院在婚内侵权诉讼中应当坚持调解原则、释明规则和依法合并审理规则。受害人应当根据法律和司法解释的规定,主张自己的合法权益,学会利用法律捍卫自己的尊严。
[Abstract]:This paper is divided into four parts: first, the necessity of the study of marital tort and its civil liability system. Marriage is a kind of secularized ethical combination. It is inevitable to produce even more serious antisocial behavior between husband and wife during the existence of marriage relationship. The term "marital tort" refers to the tort that occurs between husband and wife during the marriage relationship, which can be divided into two parts, I. e., marital infringement of personal rights and interests and marital infringement of property rights and interests. There are some reasons in opposing marital tort litigation, for example, marital tort is adjusted by moral norms and marital tort litigation is not conducive to family harmony, but it is relatively one-sided and difficult to establish. The legal regulation of marital tort is the embodiment of the basic principles of China's marriage law, which is conducive to safeguarding the personal and property rights and interests of the weak party in marriage, creating a healthy, harmonious and warm family relationship, and is conducive to the manifestation of social justice. The second is the research foundation of civil liability for marital tort. The current marriage and family legislation in our country does not clearly stipulate the problem of marital tort, which is an important reason why the marital tort cases can not be solved. Constitution, general principles of civil law, marriage law, tort liability law, there are no obstacles to accept marital tort litigation. The formulation of judicial interpretation should not only conform to the spirit of law, but also accord with the national conditions of our country. The main countries of Anglo-American law system and civil law system have special regulations and complete system on marital tort. The establishment of marital tort litigation system is not only in line with China's national conditions, but also conducive to the protection of vulnerable groups. Third, marital tort civil liability and its legislative perfection. Civil liability for marital tort refers to the existence of a marriage relationship, A spouse is liable to the victim for gross negligence or wilful violation of the law or acts that impair the lawful civil rights and interests of the other party and cause damage to the person or property of the other party or prejudice to the lawful civil rights and interests of the other party. In the future marriage and family law of the civil code, it should be stipulated that during the marriage relationship, one of the spouses intentionally or grossly negligently infringes the other party's personal or property rights and interests in the following ways, and shall bear the corresponding tort liability in accordance with the law. Where serious mental damage is caused to a spouse, he shall also bear the corresponding damage compensation liability: (1) infringing upon the spouse's right to name, personal liberty, body and health, sexual autonomy, reputation and reproductive rights, The right to privacy and other personal rights and interests (2) failing to perform the obligation of cohabitation, or failing to inform those who have a history of diseases such as physiological diseases or sexually transmitted diseases that affect fertility, (3) refusing to fulfil their obligations of maintenance, Infringement of the lawful property rights and interests of one spouse (4) other serious infringements on the spouse's lawful rights and interests. At the same time, the system of extraordinary property, mediation principles and marital tort statute of limitations. Fourth, perfect the judicial rules of civil liability for marital tort. In the current legal and judicial interpretation framework, marital tort litigation is not a piece of forbidden land. The court should adhere to the principle of mediation, explain the rules and merge the rules according to law. Victims should claim their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with legal and judicial interpretations, and learn to use the law to defend their dignity.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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