聘礼返还制度的研究及现实启示

发布时间：2018-04-23 01:24

本文选题：传统聘礼 + 婚约　；参考：《南京大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的聘礼制度有着悠久的历史,但是鉴于旧社会包办和买卖婚姻的盛行,我国在法律上废除了聘礼制度这在一定的历史时期具有其显著的进步意义,有益于在婚姻家庭制度上体现男女平等的原则,破除包办和买卖婚姻等封建残余。但我们也应该看到,我国自古以来就是一个依靠礼治的国家,在新中国成立以后,我国社会的总体环境发生了根本的变化,婚姻中的封建残余己基本肃清,现实中聘礼的性质己发生了根本的变化,因此对作为民间传统聘礼的合法性不宜完全加以否定。然而我国在制定法律的过程中,仍然一度受到破除旧有习惯思潮的影响,在没有充分考察国情和传统法律文化的基础上,特别是在没有充分考察民间中有关聘礼风俗的情况下,简单地把男女双方订婚时收受聘礼的行为当成是一种陋习,完全忽视它在我国民间风俗中的存在,对其一概否决。这也在一定程度上造成法律规定和民间风俗的脱节和冲突,并从根本上导致了司法实践中出现了诸多难以解决的问题。英国思想家塞谬尔说过"风俗可以造就法律,也可以废除法律",因而,完全脱离风俗的法律的实施效果必然是难以令人满意的。因此,针对当前聘礼与聘礼返还中存在的传统文化习惯与现行法律相脱节的情况,本文拟从以下几个方面提出相关建议:首先,要扭转人们对聘礼的认识。聘礼并非就是完全意义上买卖妇女的价金,聘礼在性质上应该属于婚约合同定金,具有保证婚约履行避免随意违约的作用。其次,要借鉴中国传统的聘礼返还制度。中国传统的聘礼返还制度经过几千年的发展,已经形成了完善的制度尤其在"悔婚"、"妄冒"、"违律为婚"、"盗奸"等方面都做了详细的规定,可以很好的弥补当前在聘礼返还制度中存在的立法空白。最后,实现传统习惯与现代的结合。现代社会法律的发展离不开对传统法律文化的继承与发展,因此如果能很好的继承传统的聘礼返还制度,实现传统与现代的结合,使法律更能贴近实际就能更好的解决当前存在的大量法律纠纷。我国当前处于一个熟人社会之中,在这种生活状态之下原有的厌诉观念还是很坚固地存在人们的思想之中,这就使现代的法律不能彻底的推行。而现行的《婚姻法》及相关司法解释又未能和我国的传统法律文化及民间风俗充分融合,这就使得我们必须力求传统习惯与现代法律之间的平衡,只有这样才能解决民间的聘礼纠纷,这也是本文写作的初衷。
[Abstract]:The bride price system of our country has a long history, but in view of the prevalence of arranged marriage and sale in the old society, the abolition of the dowry system in our country is of great significance in a certain historical period. It is beneficial to embody the principle of equality between men and women in marriage and family system, and to break the feudal vestige of arranged marriage and sale of marriage. However, we should also see that China has been a country relying on the rule of etiquette since ancient times. After the founding of New China, the overall social environment of our country has undergone fundamental changes, and the remnants of feudalism in marriage have been basically eliminated. In reality, the nature of the bride price has undergone fundamental changes, so the legitimacy of the traditional folk bride price should not be completely denied. However, in the process of making laws, our country was once influenced by the trend of thought to break old habits. On the basis of not adequately examining the national conditions and the traditional legal culture, especially in the absence of a thorough examination of the folk customs concerning the bride price, Simply regard the behavior of accepting the bride price when both men and women engaged as a bad habit, completely ignore its existence in the folk custom of our country, reject it all. To a certain extent, this has caused the disconnection and conflict between legal regulations and folk customs, and has led to many problems that are difficult to solve in judicial practice. English thinker Samuel said that "custom can make law or abolish law", therefore, the effect of law completely divorced from custom must not be satisfactory. Therefore, in view of the current situation that the traditional cultural habits of the bride price and the return of the bride price are out of line with the current law, this paper proposes some relevant suggestions from the following aspects: first, to reverse people's understanding of the dowry price. The bride price is not the price of buying and selling women completely, the bride price should belong to the contract of marriage deposit in nature, which can guarantee the fulfillment of the marriage contract to avoid arbitrary breach of contract. Secondly, we should learn from the traditional Chinese return system of bride price. After thousands of years of development, the traditional system of return of bride price in China has formed a perfect system, especially in the aspects of "repentance", "pretence", "illegal marriage", "theft and adultery" and so on. Can make up for the current system in the bride price return legislation gaps. Finally, realize the combination of traditional custom and modern. The development of modern social law is inseparable from the inheritance and development of traditional legal culture. Therefore, if we can inherit the traditional dowry return system and realize the combination of tradition and modernity, Make the law more practical can better solve the existing large number of legal disputes. At present, our country is in an acquaintance society, under this kind of living condition, the original concept of being tired of prosecution still exists in people's thought very firmly, this causes the modern law to be unable to carry out thoroughly. However, the current Marriage Law and related judicial interpretations have not been fully integrated with the traditional legal culture and folk customs of our country, which makes us strive for a balance between traditional habits and modern laws. Only in this way can we solve the civil disputes of bride price, which is the original intention of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.9

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