论身份权的民法保护

发布时间：2018-05-13 13:59

本文选题：身份 + 身份权　；参考：《河南大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 民法学中学者多广泛、深入地探究财产关系,而对人身关系理论的研究较为落后,对身份权的研究尤为轻视。随着许多有关身份权的问题的提出,身份权得到越来越多的关注,对其的研究也再不断地深入。本文在厘清以下问题的基础上,阐明身份权的含义。譬如:市民法(civil law)调整对象的历史演变、梅因爵士之“从身份到契约”的判断、从近代民法到现代民法的转变、民事主体从“抽象人”到“具体人”的发展趋势、有关消费者和劳动者的身份立法、“从契约到身份”的新判断等等。本文从身份的含义开始论述,进而确定民法中身份权的内涵及外延。结合我国身份权立法上的特色与不足,以及实践中的需要,根据身份权的特殊性质,对建立具体的身份权民法保护制度提出建议。本文共约四万字,共分为前言、正文和结语三个部分。具体内容分述如下:引言:本部分首先明确民法的调整对象,为平等民事主体间的人身关系与财产关系。在提出有关身份权问题的基础上,通过对国内外身份权研究现状的比较,明确本文的写作目的是为了解决实践中身份权保护所遇到的立法缺失问题。正文共分为四个部分: 第一部分:身份概述。身份的概念因定义角度不同而存在差异,社会学上广义的身份就不同于法律上的狭义身份,而刑法上的身份与民法上的身份相异。民法上身份的含义经历了从古罗马法——中世纪法——近现代民法的发展变化的过程。在身份逐渐平等化的过程中,私法中区分身份的意义逐渐减弱,身份的区分也仅体现在亲属关系的区分之中。当身份关系逐渐表征为权利时,身份权产生。身份权的产生既然与身份的平等化密切相关,所以在民法的语境下,身份的含义应仅指具有伦理属性的亲属关系。第二部分:身份权的概述。依据上文之身份含义,身份权的内涵得以明确。所谓身份权,是指自然人基于身份关系所生的,与其人身不可分离的,与财产无关的权限或权限的集合。相应地,身份权的外延也得以限定,它包括配偶权、亲权、亲属权、监护权。因对这四种权利的争议较多,本文重新诠释了这四种权利的外延。而身份权所具有的特殊属性,即身份权的伦理价值和身份权的特殊性质,决定了身份权民法保护制度的特殊性。第三部分:身份权的民法保护制度。身份在各部门法中都具有意义,如刑法中的“身份犯”,经济法中的“消费者”、“劳动者”身份,各部门法给予它不同的规定。在民法中,身份权保护方式和民事诉讼密切相关,而诉讼则又以民事权利为依据。我国现行民法对身份权次级权利的划分仅包括身份权的支配权、身份权的形成权。而身份权民法保护的现行规定则正反映出我国现行民事立法对身份权保护的漏洞甚多,立法上完善的必要。本文从两个方面对民法中身份权保护制度提出建议。一方面,应明确各身份权的权利内容,给予诉讼以权利依据;另一方面则是为身份权提供完备的救济制度。其中应构建两个制度体系,即身份权请求权体系和身份权的侵权请求权体系。它们共同组成完整的系统,实现身份权保护的目的。第四部分:建立身份权保护制度对民法典结构的影响。因为本文分析了身份含义、定义了身份权、分析了身份权的特殊属性、对身份权民法保护制度做了重新的设计,所以对民法体系结构有较大的影响。在建立身份权民法保护的制度的基础上,本文重新安排了民法典中婚姻家庭法的结构。结语:总结全文。理论源自实践,并指导实践。系统性的制度设计需要实践的检验,书面的法律规范应成为活的体系,并在实践中去粗取精,再用以完善制度体系。如果实践——理论——实践形成了一种良性循环,这就是身份权保护的最优的机制。
[Abstract]:The scholars in the civil law are widely used to explore the property relationship, and the research on the theory of personal relationship is relatively backward, especially the research on the right of identity. With many problems concerning the right of identity, the right of identity has been paid more and more attention, and the research on it can not be broken down. This article clarifies the following problems. For example, the historical evolution of the adjustment object of the civil law (Civil Law), the judgment of "from the identity to the contract" by Sir Maine, the change from the modern civil law to the modern civil law, the development trend of the civil subject from the "abstract man" to the "concrete man", the legislation on the identity of the consumer and the laborer, "from the contract to the identity" From the meaning of identity, this article starts from the meaning of identity, and then determines the connotation and extension of the right of identity in civil law, combining with the characteristics and shortcomings of the legislation of the right of identity in China, and the need in practice, and puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of a specific civil law protection system according to the special nature of the right of identity.
This article is divided into forty thousand words, including the preface, the text and the conclusion of three parts. The specific content is divided into the following: Introduction: this part first clearly defined the object of the civil law, the relationship between the personal relationship and the property between the equal civil subjects. On the basis of the question of the right of identity, this part made a clear comparison of the status of the research on the right of identity at home and abroad. The purpose of writing is to solve the lack of legislation in the protection of status rights in practice.
The text is divided into four parts:
The first part: identity overview. The concept of identity is different from the definition angle. The social identity is different from the legal narrow identity, and the identity of the criminal law differs from the civil law. The identity of the civil law has gone through the development and changes of the ancient Rome law - the Middle Century Law - the modern civil law. In the process of the gradual equality of identity, the meaning of distinguishing identity in private law gradually diminishes, and the distinction of identity is only reflected in the distinction of kinship. When the relationship is gradually represented as right, the right of identity is produced. The birth of identity is closely related to the equality of identity, so in the context of civil law, the meaning of identity is in the context of civil law. It should only refer to kinship with ethical attributes.
The second part: an overview of the right of identity. According to the identity of the previous article, the connotation of the right of identity is clearly defined. The so-called identity right refers to a collection of rights or powers that are unrelated to the property of a natural person, which is unrelated to the person, and the property is unrelated to the property. Accordingly, the extension of the right of identity is also limited, including the right of spouse, parental rights and relatives. Right, guardianship. Because of the more disputes over these four rights, this article reinterprets the extension of the four rights, and the special properties of the right of identity, that is, the ethical value of the right of identity and the special nature of the right of identity, determine the particularity of the civil protection system of the right of identity.
The third part: the civil law protection system of the right of identity. Identity is of great significance in all departments law, such as the "identity criminal" in the criminal law, the "consumer" in the economic law, the identity of "labourer", and the different provisions of the various departments law. In civil law, the way of protection of the right of identity is closely related to the civil action, and the litigation is civil rights. The subdivision of the secondary rights of the right of identity in the current civil law of our country only includes the right of the right of identity and the right to form the right of identity, while the current regulations on the protection of the right of identity are a reflection of the many loopholes in the protection of the right of identity in our current civil legislation and the necessity of perfecting the legislation. The protection of the right of identity in the civil law from two aspects On the one hand, we should make clear the right content of the right of identity and give the right basis for the litigation; on the other hand, we should provide a complete relief system for the right of identity. Two system systems should be constructed, that is, the system of the right of identity and the right of the right of claim for the right of identity. The purpose of protection.
The fourth part: establish the influence of the identity right protection system on the structure of the civil code. Because this article analyses the identity meaning, defines the identity right, analyzes the special attribute of the identity right, and redesigns the civil law protection system of the identity right, so it has a great influence on the civil law system structure. On the basis of this, this article rearranges the structure of marriage and family law in the civil code.
Conclusion: a summary of the full text. Theory derives from practice and guides practice. Systematic system design needs to be tested in practice. Written legal norms should be a living system, and the system should be refined in practice and reused to improve the system system. If practice - Theory - practice has formed a virtuous cycle, this is the best protection of identity. The mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D913

【参考文献】