我国反家庭暴力法问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:36

本文选题：反家庭暴力法 + 强制报告制度　；参考：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：家庭暴力是一个古老又现实的话题。我国反家庭暴力法问题研究这一命题,在概述其研究背景内容及预期目的前提下,梳理了我国家庭暴力概念空白期、立法起步期、迅速发展期及深入发展期,以及我国《反家庭暴力法》出台前与出台后的研究成果等立法史与学术史。针对我国《反家庭暴力法》中最核心的四种制度从基本理论,立法与司法缺陷,域外法的分析及启示,完善立法与司法问题的建议进行了系统研究。一是反家暴法中的强制报告制度,立法上存在报告义务主体范围过窄、报告方式不明确,相应的鼓励措施与调查程序未规定等问题;司法上存在司法机关对该制度认识不足等问题;分析比较美国、澳大利亚、日本与我国强制报告制度的基础上,借鉴外国法中有益的做法,提出立法上应扩大强制报告的义务主体、拓宽报告方式,建立鼓励制度,明确调查程序;司法上,应增强司法机关对强制报告制度的认识等完善建议。二是反家暴法中的告诫制度,立法上存在告诫书适用情形缺乏细化与统一的实施程序,无法律后果规定等问题;司法上,存在对告诫书特定组织与机构查访监督不力,地方实施不统一及制度设计的二选一,惩罚力度不够致使实施效果欠佳等问题。提出立法上细化告诫书适用情形、明确告诫书实施程序及法律后果;司法上,政府购买社会组织服务并进行定期回访,制定告诫制度实施细则和操作流程,告诫书纳入公安犯罪系统和就业婚姻征信系统等完善建议。三是反家暴法中的庇护制度,立法上存在申请临时庇护缺少具体的操作流程,对符合申请庇护条件的人审核问题,乡镇没有规定庇护所的缺陷等问题;司法上,存在拒绝入住庇护所的法律监督、法律援助保护的对象缺陷等问题。分析比较瑞典、加拿大、美国与我国庇护制度的基础上,借鉴外国法中有益的做法,提出立法上细化规范救助庇护流程、职能部门均应设立庇护所、建立反家庭暴力委员会;司法上,社会工作考量细则丞待出台、庇护所应当免费提供法律服务等等完善建议。四是反家暴法中的人身安全保护制度,立法上存在检察院和法院职权受限制,禁止内容过窄和“其他措施”规定笼统,缺少违反保护令的民事责任及处罚过轻,适格的被申请人范围未明确规定等问题;司法上存在家庭暴力认定与否可能导致不予立案或签发,受害者缺乏取证意识和方法导致举证困难,夫妻财产共有制下罚款等问题。分析比较英国、美国与我国人身安全保护制度的基础上,借鉴外国法中有益的做法,提出立法上扩大检察院和法院的职权,增加人身安全保护令禁止内容的规定,增加民事责任规定和加大人身安全保护令的处罚力度,拓宽“家庭成员”和被申请人范围;司法上,采取粗放型认定家庭暴力,增强证据意识及采用优势证据标准,倾斜照顾受害人和建立夫妻财产分离制等完善建议。
[Abstract]:Domestic violence is an old and realistic topic. On the premise of summarizing the research background and the expected purpose, this thesis combs the blank period of the concept of domestic violence, the initial period of legislation, the period of rapid development and the period of deep development. And the history of legislation and academic history before and after the introduction of the domestic violence Law in China. This paper makes a systematic study on the four core systems in the Anti-domestic violence Law in China, including the basic theory, legislative and judicial defects, the analysis and enlightenment of extraterritorial laws, and the suggestions for perfecting legislation and judicature. The first is the compulsory reporting system in the Anti-domestic violence Law. In legislation, the scope of the subject of the reporting obligation is too narrow, the way of reporting is not clear, and the corresponding incentives and investigation procedures are not stipulated. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the compulsory reporting system of the United States, Australia, Japan and China, the author draws lessons from the beneficial practices in foreign law. In legislation, we should expand the subject of compulsory reporting, broaden the reporting methods, establish an encouraging system, and clarify the investigation procedure, and in the judicial field, we should strengthen the judicial organs' understanding of the compulsory reporting system and so on. Second, the admonition system in the anti-domestic violence law, the lack of detailed and unified implementation procedures for the application of the admonition in legislation, the lack of legal consequences, and the lack of judicial supervision over visits to specific organizations and institutions. The local implementation is not uniform and the system is designed from one of the two, the punishment is not enough, resulting in poor implementation effect. Proposing legislation to refine the application of the letter of caution, making clear the procedures and legal consequences of the implementation of the letter of caution; judicially, the government buys the services of social organizations and carries out regular visits, and formulates the detailed rules and procedures for the implementation of the warning system, The letter of caution includes the public security crime system and employment marriage credit system and other perfect suggestions. Third, the asylum system in the anti-domestic violence law. In legislation, there are problems such as the lack of specific procedures for applying for temporary asylum, the examination of persons who meet the requirements for asylum, the lack of provision of shelter in towns and townships, and so on. There are some problems, such as the legal supervision of refusing to stay in the shelter, the defects of the object of legal aid protection and so on. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the asylum system of Sweden, Canada, the United States and our country, and drawing lessons from the beneficial practices in foreign law, the author puts forward that the legislation should refine and standardize the asylum relief process, and the functional departments should set up shelters and establish the Committee against domestic violence; Judicial, social work rules to be issued, shelters should provide free legal services and other suggestions. Fourth, the system of personal protection in the law on domestic violence. In legislation, the powers of procuratorates and courts are restricted, the prohibition is too narrow and the provisions of "other measures" are general, and there is a lack of civil liability for breaching protection orders and the punishment is too light. The scope of the eligible respondent is not clearly defined; the judicial existence of domestic violence may lead to the non-filing or issuance, the lack of awareness and methods of the victim to obtain evidence leads to the difficulty of proof, the husband and wife property system under the system of fines and other issues. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the system of personal security protection in Britain, the United States and China, and drawing lessons from the beneficial practices in foreign law, the author proposes that the powers of procuratorates and courts should be expanded in legislation, and the provisions of prohibiting contents of personal security protection orders should be added. To increase the provisions of civil liability and the punishment of personal security protection orders, to broaden the scope of "family members" and the respondent, to adopt extensive identification of domestic violence in the judicial field, to enhance the awareness of evidence and to adopt superior evidence standards, We should take care of the victims and establish the separation system of husband and wife property.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

【参考文献】