论婚姻关系中人格权与身份权的冲突

发布时间：2018-05-27 03:28

本文选题：权利冲突 + 人格权　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人格权与身份权是民法学界一直探讨的权利,而由人格权与身份权产生的权利冲突也一直是司法中的热点问题。婚姻关系中的各项权利冲突比起民法关系中的权利冲突处理起来更加复杂,因为夫妻关系的亲密性、伦理性、道德性,使得权利实现的限制更多,范围更狭窄。夫妻作为一个家庭通常看成是一个权利主体,所以夫妻间各自权利保护的难度也加大。隐私权仅宪法中做了基础性规定,而对于性自主权、同居权、生育权在婚姻法中甚至没有明确的提法,解决这种权利冲突更多时候是无明确法律可依。本文主要以四个部分来探讨以婚姻关系为中心的人格权与身份权的冲突以及解决。第一部分,阐述婚姻关系中人格权与身份权的权利冲突的具体概念及特殊性,并对婚姻关系中人格权与身份权进行界定,指出人格权与身份权既相互联系又互相区别,由此挖掘出其性质的不同。同时,对于婚姻关系中三对主要冲突进行概述,笔者认为,婚姻关系中性自主权、隐私权以及女性生育权属于人格权范畴,配偶知情权、同居权、男性生育权属于身份权范畴。第二部分,究其本质。揭露权利冲突背后的实质即利益的冲突,而利益则是由经济基础决定的,同时,从历史发展与制度本身找出人格权与身份权冲突的原因。一方面是由于人文主义的发展,法律关系从身份到契约再到身份的变化,另一方面是法律本身对权利冲突界定的模糊性。第三部分,提出协调人格权与身份权冲突的法理性原则,并结合婚姻关系的特点进行分析。立法层面上,尊重位阶原则,以人格利益为本位的权利要优于以身份利益为本位的权利。司法层面上要采取经济性原则的方法,权利最大化原则,保证权利实现的社会价值和公平正义。同时,在执行过程中严格遵循比例原则,将一方的侵害程度与另一方的重要性作比较。穷尽其它原则后,可以适用公序良俗原则得到较为公正合理的结果。第四部分,具体阐释婚姻关系中最常冲突的三种矛盾的解决路径。第一,隐私权与配偶知情权,分析隐私权与配偶知情权的范围以及性质,配偶隐私权与知情权与一般民法意义上的权利的区别,对于隐私权优于配偶知情权,配偶知情权优于隐私权两种情况作具体分析。第二,性自主权与配偶同居权,分析性自主权与同居权的含义,对法学界热点婚内强奸——同居权滥用的案例进行解析,同时借鉴国外立法的一些规定,总结出既能保护性自主权也能保护同居权的解决方法。第三,夫妻间生育权之间的矛盾,指出生育权的含义和性质,对生育权的同质冲突进行具体探究,进而得出生育权不是夫或妻单独享有的一个权利,而是共同共有一个权利外观的结论,列举每一种冲突的不同情况,得出使得生育权配置最大化最合理的解决方案。提出生育权优化配置的合理化建议。
[Abstract]:The right of personality and the right of identity are always discussed in the field of civil law, and the conflict between the right of personality and the right of identity has always been a hot issue in the administration of justice. The conflict of rights in marriage is more complicated than the conflict of rights in civil law, because the intimacy, ethics and morality of the relationship between husband and wife make the realization of rights more limited and narrower. Husband and wife as a family is usually regarded as a subject of rights, so it is more difficult to protect their respective rights. The right to privacy is only a basic provision in the Constitution, but there is no explicit reference to the right of sexual autonomy, cohabitation and reproductive rights in the marriage law. More often than not, there is no clear law to be followed to resolve the conflict of such rights. This paper mainly discusses the conflict and solution of personality right and identity right centered on marriage relationship in four parts. The first part expounds the specific concept and particularity of the conflict between personality right and identity right in marriage relationship, and defines personality right and identity right in marriage relationship, and points out that personality right and identity right are interrelated and different from each other. From this, the nature of the excavation of the difference. At the same time, three major conflicts in the marriage relationship are summarized. The author thinks that the marriage relationship neutral autonomy, the privacy right and the female reproductive right belong to the personality right category, the spouse right to know, the cohabitation right, the male reproductive right belongs to the status right category. The second part investigates its essence. The essence of the conflict of rights is the conflict of interests, which is determined by the economic basis. At the same time, from the historical development and the system itself to find out the conflict between personality rights and identity rights. On the one hand, due to the development of humanism, the legal relationship changes from identity to contract to identity, on the other hand, the law itself defines the conflict of rights. In the third part, the author puts forward the principle of legal rationality to coordinate the conflict between personality right and identity right, and analyzes the characteristics of marriage relationship. At the legislative level, respect the principle of rank, and the right based on personality interests should be superior to the rights based on identity interests. At the judicial level, we should adopt the method of economic principle, the principle of maximization of rights, guarantee the social value of realization of rights and fairness and justice. At the same time, according to the principle of proportionality, the degree of infringement is compared with the importance of the other. After exhausting other principles, the principle of public order and good custom can be applied to obtain fair and reasonable results. The fourth part, explains the most frequent conflict in the marriage relationship three kinds of contradiction solution path. First, the right to privacy and spouse's right to know, analyzing the scope and nature of the right to privacy and spouse's right to know, and the difference between spouse's right to privacy and the right to know in the sense of general civil law, is superior to the right to know to the right to privacy. The spouse's right to know is superior to the right to privacy. Second, sexual autonomy and spouse cohabitation right, analysis of the meaning of sexual autonomy and cohabitation right, analysis of the law hot marital rape-cohabitation right abuse cases, at the same time draw lessons from some foreign legislation. Summed up both the protection of autonomy and can protect the right to cohabitation solutions. Third, the contradiction between husband and wife's reproductive rights, pointing out the meaning and nature of reproductive rights, and making a specific study of the same quality conflict of reproductive rights, and then drawing the conclusion that reproductive rights are not a right enjoyed by husband or wife alone. Instead, the author concludes that there is a common appearance of rights, enumerates the different situations of each conflict, and obtains the most reasonable solution to maximize the allocation of reproductive rights. Put forward the rational suggestion of optimizing allocation of reproductive right.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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